乳酸菌添加剂对禾本科混合牧草青贮发酵特性的影响  

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculants Applying to Mixed Gramineous Grass on Fermentation Characteristics

作　　者：刘晗璐[1] 桂荣[2] 塔娜[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学动物科学与医学学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2008年第6期739-745,共7页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金重点项目(200711020403)

摘　　要：选用分离于青贮原料牧草天然附着的植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)和蒙氏肠球菌(Enterococcusmundtii)作为添加剂,进行披碱草和老芒麦混合牧草青贮发酵特性的研究。试验分4个处理:球菌组(Em)、杆菌组(Lp)、球菌+杆菌组(EL)、对照组(Con,不添加)。实验室常温发酵。试验期60 d。结果表明:(1)与Con组相比,Em、Lp以及EL组均明显降低青贮pH(P<0.05)。(2)Em与Lp以及EL组都明显增加乳酸含量(P<0.05),以及乳酸与乙酸的比值,其中EL组增加效果最显著(P<0.05);此外3个添加组丙酸及丁酸的含量明显下降(P<0.05)。(3)EL组显著降低青贮中NH3-N含量(P<0.05),Em、Lp组也有降低的趋势,但未达显著水平(P>0.05)。(4)添加乳酸菌可以降低青贮DM的损失量,与对照组相比Em、Lp以及EL组DM的损失量分别降低了38.4%、43.4%、23.4%。综上所述添加乳酸菌可以改善试验牧草青贮发酵品质,球菌+杆菌组(EL组)对试验牧草青贮品质改善效果最优。The study was conducted to investigate the effect of applying Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus mundtti that were isolated from ensilaging materials on fermentation characteristic of mixed gramineous grass Elymus excelsus and Elymus sirbiricus. There were four treatments as followed： the control （no additives） （Con）, the E. mundtii （Era）, the L. plantarum （Lp） and the E. mundtii＋L, plantarum （EL）. All the strains were diluted with distilled water, and then sprayed on ensilaging materials at 1 N 10^5 cfu/g fresh matter（FM）. Then about 530 g grasses was packed into a plastic bottle and sealed. Each treatment was carried out 8 repetitions. The bottle silos were kept at room temperature. After 60 days, the bottles were opened and the fermentation quality of silages was determined. The results showed： （1） All LAB inoculants could significantly （P〈0.05） reduce pH value compared with the control. （2） All LAB inoculants could evidently （P〈0.05） increase the content of Lactic acid（LA） and the ratio of Lactic acid to acetic acid（AA） in silage, especially the EL; and distinctly （P〈0.05） decrease the content of propionic acid（PA） and butyric acid（BA）, compared with control. （3） The silage inoculated with EL had the lowest concentration of ammonia-N （20.85 μmol/g FM）. （4） All LAB inoculants could reduce dry matter loss , Em,Lp,EL, respectively , 38.4%,43.4%,23.4%. As a resuit, applying LAB can indeed improve silage fermentation quality. Synthetically thought, EL treatment was the best one.

关 键 词：乳酸菌 禾本科混合牧草 发酵特性 

分 类 号：S827.2[农业科学—畜牧学]