英汉新闻标题中的预设机制:调查与分析  

Presupposition in English and Chinese Newspaper Headlines:Investigation and Analysis

作　　者：吴珏[1] 陈新仁[2] 

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院外语系,江苏常熟215500 [2]南京大学外国语学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《外语教学》2008年第4期30-34,共5页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：陈新仁主持的国家社科基金项目"英汉社会用语的语用实证研究"(项目批号:07BYY005)阶段成果之一

摘　　要：新闻标题中预设机制的策略性使用主要有四种语用功能。第一,在压缩标题长度的同时提供额外信息。第二,激活读者对新闻事件的已有知识,与读者发生认知互动。第三,激发读者阅读新闻报道的好奇心与兴趣。第四,呼应读者的期望,引发共鸣。这些功能通过不同类型的预设机制来实现。定量统计与微观分析结果表明:1)策略性预设在各类报纸中的使用频率都相当高;2)不同报纸及不同报纸板块中预设的使用情况有所不同,前者以英文全国性报纸、后者以经济类板块新闻标题中预设的使用频率最高。从顺应论的角度来看,新闻标题中预设机制的策略性使用是对新闻的物理世界、读者的心理世界以及报纸媒体的社交世界的积极顺应。The strategic use of presuppositions in newspaper headlines has four major functions. First, presuppositions can provide additional information and at the same time make the headlines as short as possible; second, they may activate readers＇ prior knowledge of the news issue to the extent that readers can be motivated to get into the details of the stories; third, presuppositions are capable of amusing readers＇ curiosity; and finally, those headlines containing presuppositions will meet readers＇ expectations and express their attitudes, thus creating great attraction to readers. The quantitative analysis and microscopic study reveal： 1 ） that presuppositions are frequently used in the headlines in six kinds of newspapers ; 2） that there are differences in the use of presuppositions in different newspapers and different newspaper sections ; specifically, the English national newspapers use presuppositions most frequently, and the section of Economy witnesses the highest frequency of presupposition use. Moreover, in terms of the Adaptation Theory, the use of presuppositions in newspaper headlines as illustrated in this study can be seen as a process of adapting to the discourse world of journalism, the mental world of readers and the social world of the media of newspapers.

关 键 词：新闻标题 预设 语言顺应 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]