大学生体育锻炼的内部动机和外部动机  

The Internal and External Motivation of College Student's Physical Exercise

作　　者：陈善平[1] 李咸生[1] 容建中[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学体育部,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2008年第4期135-138,143,共5页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(07XTY003);新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助

摘　　要：通过对1 179名大学生问卷调查,对首次编制的锻炼外部动机量表进行了信度和效度检验,并考察了大学生锻炼外部动机和内部动机的关系,以及对锻炼行为的影响。结果表明:1)锻炼外部动机量表具有良好的信度和效度,配合MPAM-R锻炼内部动机量表可以较全面地测量大学生的锻炼动机;2)大学生的锻炼动机可以分为内部动机(乐趣、能力、外貌、健康和社交)和外部动机(制度和服从);3)外部动机和部分内部动机(乐趣动机、能力动机和健康动机)之间表现为负相关关系,外部动机和部分内部动机(外貌动机、社交动机)之间则表现为正相关关系;(4)激发锻炼内部动机有利于大学生积极参与体育锻炼,锻炼的外部动机太强可能抑制学生的内部动机,不利于学生长期坚持体育锻炼。The external exercise motivations inventory （EEMI） was tested on its reliability and validity based on a survey of 117 9 students, the relationship between internal and external motivations of exercise and their influence on exercise were also studied. The result shows that ： 1 ） the EEMI is a reliable and valid measure for exercise external motivation, so exercise motivation may be roundly measured by combining EEMI with MPAM-R which is a measure of exercise internal motivation; 2）the exercise motivation of college students can be categorize as internal motivation （ enjoyment, competence, appearance, fitness and social） and external motivation （rule and submission）; 3）the external motivation is negative related with some internal motivation （enjoyment, competence and fitness）, while are positive related with other internal motivation （appearance and social）;4）inspiriting internal motivation is helpful for students to participate exercise, external motivation may weaken internal motivation and persistence of exercise.

关 键 词：大学生 体育锻炼 内部动机 外部动机 测量模型 

分 类 号：G806[文化科学—运动人体科学]