辽河水系表层沉积物中重金属分布及污染特征研究  

Distribution and Pollution Character of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments of Liao River

作　　者：张婧[1] 王淑秋[1] 谢琰 王幸福[1] 盛向军 陈吉平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,大连116023 [2]辽宁省出入境检验检疫局,大连116001

出　　处：《环境科学》2008年第9期2413-2418,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2003CB415001)

摘　　要：采用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光光谱法测定了辽河水系表层沉积物中7种重金属(Ni、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd、As、Hg)的含量,用地累计指数法对污染程度进行了评价,并通过主成分分析法确定了重金属污染来源.结果显示,辽河水系表层沉积物各重金属含量明显高于1998年的辽河调查结果,与中国其它水系相比,重金属含量处于中等水平,大辽河各重金属含量和污染程度高于辽河.7种重金属平均含量为:Ni 26.5 mg.kg-1,Cu 37.9 mg.kg-1,Cr 90.3 mg.kg-1,Pb 32.9 mg.kg-1,Cd 0.49mg.kg-1,As 12.3 mg.kg-1,Hg 0.14 mg.kg-1.根据各重金属地累计指数,辽河水系未受Ni和As的污染,受Cu、Cr、Pb轻度污染,受Cd和Hg中度污染,各重金属污染程度排序为:Cd>Hg>Cu>Cr>Pb>As>Ni.通过主成分分析进一步对重金属污染来源的确定,发现前2个主成分的贡献率分别为58.74%和17.18%,污染来源主要有3类,即工业和生活污水、有机物降解、大气沉降和地球化学成分变化.The concentrations of 7 heavy metals （ Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, As, Hg） and organic matters in the surface sediments of Liao River were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS） and atomic fluorescence spectrometry （AFS）, and sediments pollution assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation index. Moreover, the sources of heavy metal contamination were estimated with the principal component analysis （PCA）. The results demonstrate that the heavy metal concentrations of Liao River are markedly higher than that of Liao River in 1998 and lay at medium level compared with other rivers in China. The average concentrations （mg/kg） obtained were： Ni 26.5 mg·kg^-1 , Cu 37.9 mg·kg^-1, Cr 90.3 mg·kg^-1 , Pb 32.9 mg·kg^-1 , Cd 0.49 mg·kg^-1 , As 12.3 mg·kg^-1 , Hg 0.14 mg·kg^-1 . The results of geoaccumulation index reveal that sediments of Liao River are uncontaminated with Ni, As, lightly contaminated with Cu, Cr, Pb and moderately contaminated with Cd, Hg. The order of the analyzed heavy metals, arranged from the highest to lowest pollution degree, is as follows Cd 〉 Hg 〉 Cu 〉 Cr 〉 Pb 〉 As 〉 Ni. By estimating the sources of heavy metal contamination with the Principal component analysis （PCA）, it was found that the first two components account for 58.74% and 17.18% of the total variance, respectively. The industrial and living wastewater, degradation of organic matter atmospheric precipitation and geochemical changes are the main sources of heavy metal contamination.

关 键 词：辽河 沉积物 重金属 污染评价 污染来源 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X142