内隐联结测验下单纯呈现效应与积极情感的产生  

The Effects of Mere Exposure and the Generation of Positive Affection in the Implicit Association Test

作　　者：侯舒艨[1] 周蔚[1] 郭小迪[1] 周仁来[1] 

机构地区：[1]认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室(北京师范大学),北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2008年第5期1108-1111,共4页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家基础科学人才培养基金(J0630759);北京师范大学本科基金资助

摘　　要：该研究以汉语双字词为刺激材料,以大学生为被试,首先检验了标准的GNAT内隐联结测验范式的有效性,实验一发现,积极名词与正性形容词联结的反应时显著快于与负性形容词联结的反应时。实验二发现,用在标准的单纯重复呈现范式中重复呈现过的中性名词,替换标准GNAT内隐联结测验范式中的积极名词,再次进行标准的GNAT内隐联结测验,观察到了重复呈现的中性名词与正性形容词联结的反应时显著快于与负性形容词联结的反应时,表明被试将重复呈现过的中性刺激与积极刺激联系比与消极刺激的联系更紧密。实验三发现,同样是这些中性名词,当没有被重复呈现时,在GNAT内隐联结测验中与积极形容词和消极形容词的联结的反应时之间差异不显著。研究表明,刺激的重复呈现会导致偏好的产生,使其能够起到积极刺激的作用。该研究认为,刺激的重复呈现,可能是积极情感产生的一个来源。A total of 66 undergraduate students participated in the experiments. Ten positive nouns, ten neutrals, ten positive adjectives and ten negative adjectives in Chinese were used in the experiments. In Experiment 1, we examined the validity of the standard go/no-go association task （GNAT） paradigm. The result indicated that positive nouns had a stronger association with positive words than negative words. In the following experiments, positive nouns in the standard GNAT paradigm were replaced by repeated exposed neutral words which were presented repeatedly in the standard mere exposure effect paradigm. The results indicated that repeated neutral words had a stronger association with positive words than negative words, but unrepeated neutral words didn＇t. Specifically, neutral words possessed positive valence after repeated exposure, which played the role of positive prime words in a standard GNAT paradigm. This research suggested that the mere exposure of stimuli might be a source of the generation of positive affection.

关 键 词：单纯呈现效应 积极情感 GNAT 内隐联结测验 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]