高低自立水平儿童的自我延迟满足的实验研究  

An Experimental Research on the Self-imposed Delay of Gratification of Children With Different Self-supporting Levels

作　　者：凌辉[1] 黄希庭[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院心理学系,长沙410081 [2]西南大学心理学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2008年第5期1117-1120,1073,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学"十五"研究项目"学生自立意识发展的特点与教育"(批准号:01JAXLX002);教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目"中国心理健康服务体系现状及对策研究"(批准号:05JZD0031)的资助

摘　　要：目的:探索不同自立水平儿童自我延迟满足的注意机制及发展特点。方法:应用6-12岁儿童自立行为问卷对272名小学一年级学生的自立水平进行评定,根据儿童在自立行为问卷上的总分按由高至低排序,从高分到低分取40名儿童作为高自立组,由低分到高分取40名儿童作为低自立组,对两组被试采用Mischel的自我延迟满足等待实验范式,进行自我延迟满足的实验对照研究。结果:(l)两组儿童在两种奖励物都不呈现情境下平均延迟时间最长,在呈现奖励物的三种情境下平均延迟时间较短;(2)高、低自立水平儿童在延迟时间、延迟策略上存在显著差异。结论:与低自立水平儿童相比,高自立水平儿童自我延迟满足能力更强,提示儿童的自立发展水平可以预测其自我延迟满足的能力。To explore the attention mechanism and the developmental characteristics of self-imposed delay of gratification of children with different self-supporting levels, the levels of self-supporting of 272 grade one students from a primary school were assessed by the Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire for Six- to Twelve-Years-Old Children. Then the subjects were divided into two groups, of which the high-score group included the top 40 according to the questionnaire＇s total score, and the low-score group included the bottom 40. Then the Self-imposed Delay of Gratification experimental task of Mischel was assigned to the two groups. The results were： （1） The mean delay time of children＇s self-imposed delay of gratification was the longest under the no-reward-present condition, and significantly longer than that under the other three reward-present conditions; （2）The delay time and the delay strategy had significant difference between children with high score of self-supporting and those with low score. The authors arrived at the following conclusion： Self-imposed Delay of Gratification of children with high score of self-supporting is higher than that of children with low score, which implies that the development levels of children＇ self-supporting can be used to predict their ability of self-imposed delay of gratification.

关 键 词：自立 儿童 自我延迟满足 

分 类 号：B841[哲学宗教—基础心理学]