性别刻板印象之内隐与外显性别效应的中日跨文化研究  

A Cross-cultural Research on the Implicit and Explicit Effects of Stereotyped Impression of Gender in both China and Japan

作　　者：徐大真[1] 张日昇[2] 木村裕 

机构地区：[1]天津工程师范学院,300222 [2]北京师范大学,北京100871 [3]早稻田大学,东京1628644

出　　处：《心理科学》2008年第5期1226-1229,共4页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：天津市教育科学"十一五"规划重大项目(ZGC024)资助

摘　　要：随机抽取日本东京两所大学在校大学生80名,其中男女各半。采用2×2混合实验设计和实验性分离范式研究性别刻板印象,并将研究结果与前期中国文化背景下的研究结果进行比较,以探讨两种不同文化背景下的性别刻板印象之内隐与外显性别效应,结果发现:在两种不同的文化背景下,均存在显著的外显性别刻板印象和内隐性别刻板印象效应;外显性别刻板印象的内容是"男刚女柔",在中国文化背景下,两性均表现为自尊倾向,在日本文化背景下表现为女性自尊、男性尊他倾向;内隐性别刻板印象的内容是"男优女劣",表现为女性自卑、男性自信的倾向。Random sample of 80 students was taken from two universities in Tokyo, Japan, with equal numbers of males and females. The designing method of 2 by 2 mixed experiment and the separating pattern of experiment were adopted to study stereotyped impression of gender and make a comparison between the findings of the current research and the results from previous studies based on Chinese cultural background to explore the implicit and explicit gender effects in two different cultural contexts. The authors of this paper conclude： that in those two backgrounds, an obvious gender effect exists in both the explicit and implicit. The connotation of explicit impression is ＂males are firm whik females are gentle＂. With the Chinese background, the two genders demonstrate self-esteem tendencies. By contrast, in Japan, the tendencies are that women are self-esteem, while men respect others. The connotation of the implicit embodies： ＂males are superior while females are inferior＂, in the form of female inferiority and male self-confidence.

关 键 词：内隐性别刻板印象 外显性别刻板印象 性别差异 跨文化研究 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]