小学儿童执行功能与问题解决能力的关系  

The Relationship between Executive Function and Problem Solving among Primary School Children

作　　者：王晶[1] 陈英和[1] 齐琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2008年第4期25-33,共9页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：全国教育科学规划国家重点项目(ABA050001);国家自然科学基金项目(30770729);北京市哲学社会科学规划项目(06BaJY010)

摘　　要：本研究选取小学二、四、六年级儿童为被试,采用计算机操作的方式,考察小学生执行功能中抑制、工作记忆和认知灵活性与4类伦敦塔问题解决表现之间的关系。结果表明在问题解决的计划方面,抑制能力较高的被试体现出良好的适应性解决能力,而工作记忆高的被试更能有效的利用资源;根据问题解决路径的不同划分了三大伦敦塔问题解决表现类型,工作记忆和抑制在问题解决中均起到重要作用。The purposes of the present study were to analyze the relationship between executive functions and problem solving of Tower of London （ToL）, and to compare the effect of inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility on the performance of planning and different solutions in four kinds of ToL problems. 121 7 ~ 11 years old were tested executive functions and ToL tasks by computers. The results revealed that subjects with high inhibition represented better adaptability in problem solving, and subjects with high working memory could use resources more efficiency; The ToL problem solving types could be distinguished into three according to different problem solving solutions. The results suggested that both inhibition and working memory played important roles in tha process of ToL problem solving, while cognitive flexibility had no significant effect

关 键 词：执行功能 抑制 工作记忆 问题解决 伦敦塔任务 小学生 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]