区域减灾能力信任与公众水灾风险认知——基于社会调查及分析  

Trust in Local Disaster Reduction Ability and Its Influences on Public Flood Risk Perception:Based on the Investigation and Analysis

作　　者：张美华[1,2] 苏筠[1,2,3] 钟景鼐[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学区域地理研究实验室,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《灾害学》2008年第4期70-75,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40601035)

摘　　要：探索公众的自然灾害认知,有助于揭示风险潜在因素,为开展有效的风险沟通和风险管理提供基础依据。依据在重庆、湖南等部分省市的洪灾易发区开展社会调查收回的635份有效问卷,通过统计分析公众对于区域社会减灾能力的信任及其水灾认知,并探讨了信任对认知的影响。结果表明,公众对于社会减灾能力持信任态度,信任高低依次为:监测预警预报>基础设施>防洪工程>政府应急管理,且信任的高低受年龄、灾害经历和区域经济发展水平的影响而存在差异。减灾能力信任会影响到公众的灾害风险认知,信任的增强会降低公众对洪灾的恐惧心理和对风险大小的判断,同时产生积极和消极并存的防灾行为倾向。因此构建"文化自觉"的科学防灾文化观有利于正确指引公众认识到减灾措施及能力的限度。Research on public natural disaster risk perception may redound to revealing risk potential factors and provide the basis for risk communication. Questionnaires were conducted in flood-prone areas in Chongqing Municipality, Hunan Province and so on. Based on 635 valid questionnaires, the public trust in local flood disaster reduction ability and their flood perception are studied. Results show that the public generally trust the social disaster reduction capability and the degree of trust decreases from the monitoring and early warning, to local infrastructural facilities, prevention engineering and governmental contingency. Furthermore, trust degree is influenced by ages, disaster experience and areas＇ economic development levels. Trust degree can influence public risk perception. The strengthening of trust in social disaster reduction capabilities reduces the public＇s worry about flood and influences the judgment of areas＇ flood risk. It creates both a positive and negative attitude towards the prevention. So, constructing the view of scientific culture on disaster prevention as ＂cultural consciousness＂ is helpful to the correct guidance to public awareness of disaster reduction measures and capacity limits.

关 键 词：减灾能力 公众信任 水灾风险认知 调查问卷 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] B842.2[哲学宗教—基础心理学]