注意状态、认知方式与前瞻记忆的TAP效应  

Attention,Cognitive Style and TAP Effect of Prospective Memory

作　　者：李寿欣[1] 董立达[2] 宫大志[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250014 [2]台州学院学工部,台州317000

出　　处：《心理学报》2008年第11期1149-1157,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：山东省泰山学者设岗学科资助

摘　　要：采用经典实验室研究范式,实验一探讨了前瞻记忆任务为知觉加工条件下,注意状态和前瞻记忆任务与进行中任务一致和不一致时对不同认知方式个体前瞻记忆成绩的影响;实验二探讨了前瞻记忆任务为语义加工条件下,注意状态和前瞻记忆任务与进行中任务一致和不一致时对不同认知方式个体前瞻记忆成绩的影响。结果表明,(1)在前瞻记忆任务加工类型是语义加工和知觉加工两种条件下,场依存与场独立个体均发现了TAP效应的存在,而且场依存个体表现出更明显的TAP效应;(2)当前瞻记忆任务与进行中任务的加工类型不一致时,场独立个体的前瞻记忆成绩明显高于场依存个体,而在两类任务加工类型一致情况下,场独立与场依存个体的前瞻记忆成绩不存在明显差异;(3)在前瞻记忆任务是知觉加工时,分心对前瞻记忆成绩有明显不利的影响;而在前瞻记忆任务是语义加工时,只有当前瞻记忆任务与进行中任务加工类型不一致时,分心对前瞻记忆才有明显不利的影响,而且在分心条件下的TAP效应更明显。The mechanism of prospective memory （PM） is a hot topic in memory research area, among which the transfer appropriate processing （TAP） effect of PM has received much attention. Researchers have studied the influence of several individual variables, especially age, on TAP effect of PM. In the present study, we investigated whether there was difference in TAP effect of PM among individuals with different cognitive styles when attention was either focused or divided. This study included two experiments using the classical PM paradigm. Experiment 1：（1 ） Participants： one hundred and forty-six undergraduates participated in the Group Embedded Figure Test （GEFT）. Among them, top 30 high-score student were dubbed field-independent （FI）, and 30 lowest-score students were dubbed field-dependent （FD）. The final sample included 26 FI and 28 FD. （2） Experimental design： PM task was perceptual. The design was 2 （cognitive styles： FD or FI） 2 （attention： focused or divided） 2 （relationship between PM task and ongoing task： matched or mismatched） mixed factorial design. Experiment 2： （1） Participants： one hundred and fifty undergraduates participated in the GEFT. The method used was the same as that of experiment I .The final sample included 28 FI and 30 FD. （2） Experimental design was the same as that of experiment lexcept that PM task was semantic. We used SPSS10.0 to analyze the data. The results were as follows： Experiment 1： Multivariate analysis of variance （MANOVA） on PM scores showed the main effect of attention state was significant （p 〈 0.01 ）. PM score under the focused attention were significantly higher than that of divided attention. The interaction between cognitive style and relationship between PM task and ongoing task was significant （P 〈0.01）. When PM task mismatched ongoing tasks, PM score of FI subjects was significantly higher than that of FD subjects. Further analysis on the difference scores between matched condition an

关 键 词：TAP效应 认知方式 注意状态 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]