合作指数与描述方式对儿童囚徒困境博弈中合作行为的影响  

The Impact of Cooperation Index and the Description of Payoff Matrix on Cooperation of the Prisoner's Dilemma of Children

作　　者：孙昕怡[1,2] 陈璟[1,2,3] 李红[1,2] 李秀丽[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学院,认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆北碚400715 [2]中-加联合儿童研究中心,重庆北碚400715 [3]四川师范大学教育科学学院,四川成都610068

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2009年第1期27-33,共7页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号30770727);全国教育科学“十五”规划重点项目(DBA010164)

摘　　要：本研究采用囚徒困境任务,考察了91名10-12岁儿童和101名成人在博弈决策中合作行为的特点。并分别考察合作指数和描述方式这两个变量对个体合作性的影响。结果表明：（1）描述方式对儿童的合作行为有显著影响,表现为“回避”描述中较之“趋向”描述有更多合作行为,而描述方式对成人则无影响。（2）儿童对合作指数不敏感,平均合作率显著高于成人,表现出合作倾向;成人平均合作率随合作指数的升高而升高,但始终处于几率水平之下,表现出竞争倾向。Using the Prisoner＇s Dilemma task to research the impact of cooperation Index and the description of matrix on coopertation of the Prisoner＇s Dilemma. Subjects were 91 children and 101 adults. The results show that： （1） there are more cooperation in the conditon of ＂avoidance＂ description than in ＂approach＂ type, and no impact of the description type of matrix on adult. （2） Children were not sensitive with the index of cooperation, and the average cooperation ratio was significantly higher than adults＇, and showed cooperation tendency. The average cooperation ratio of adult increased with the cooperation of the index increased, but always below 0.5, and showed competition tendency.

关 键 词：合作指数 描述方式 囚徒困境博弈 儿童 合作性 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]