高温胁迫对水稻贮藏蛋白质的组成和积累形态的影响  

Influence of High Temperature Stress on Composition and Accumulation Configuration of Storage Protein in Rice

作　　者：马启林[1] 李阳生[1] 田小海[2] 鄢圣之[2] 雷慰慈[2] 中田升[3] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学生命科学学院,武汉430072 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434103 [3]鸟取大学农学部,日本鸟取680-8553

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2009年第2期714-718,共5页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30671218);中国博士后科学基金(20070420934);湖北省国际科技合作重点项目(2007CA018)

摘　　要：【目的】稻米蛋白质的含量及组成是稻米品质和营养价值的重要指标,本研究旨在揭示高温胁迫对稻米贮藏蛋白质的组成和积累形态的影响。【方法】设置试验对灌浆期水稻进行高温胁迫处理,对稻米蛋白质各组分的积累动态进行分析。【结果】25℃处理在灌浆过程,籽粒单粒重和贮藏蛋白质积累过程与积累形态上都与自然生长条件下表现一致。而35℃的高温胁迫处理加速了灌浆过程,降低了籽粒单粒重。高温胁迫不仅增加了粗蛋白的含量,而且改变了贮藏蛋白质的组成和积累形态,如使醇溶蛋白的相对含量较对照降低了7.5%。高温处理虽然没有改变主要贮藏蛋白质谷蛋白的相对含量,却导致谷蛋白的两个亚基的相对含量较对照降低了12.7%,同时使57kD谷蛋白前体及57kD以上谷蛋白聚合体的积累增加了19.5%。【结论】在高温胁迫条件下水稻贮藏蛋白质的组成和积累形态发生了改变,谷蛋白两个亚基含量和醇溶蛋白含量的降低与籽粒氮素供应能力和蛋白质合成能力无关,而与蛋白质翻译后的转化、转运、聚合及降解等过程紧密相关。57kD谷蛋白前体及57kD以上谷蛋白聚合体的积累可能对稻米的食味与加工品质产生影响。[ Objective ] To evaluate the influence of high temperature stress on the quality formation of storage protein in rice, since the protein content and its composition in endosperm are important target to improve rice quality and nutrition value. [ Method ] A treatment of high temperature stress during filling stage was conducted to analyze the influence of high-temperature stress on the composition and accumulation configuration of storage protein in rice. [ Result ] Filling process, single-grain weight, accumulation process and accumulation configuration of storage protein in grain at 25 ℃ treatment were coincide with these at natural condition. Filling process of grain was accelerated and single-grain weight was reduced by 35℃ treatment. Not only content of crude protein was increased, but also the composition and accumulation configuration of storage protein changed by high temperature stress. The relative content of prolamin was decreased by 7.5% compared to control. Although the relative content of glutelin, the staple storage protein, not changed with high-temperature stress, but the relative content of two glutelin subunits was reduced by 12.7%. Simultaneously, the pro-glutelin of 57 kD and the glutelin polymer above 57 kD was improved by 19.5%. [Conclusion] These data in this trial indicated that the composition and accumulation configuration of storage protein in rice grain changed with high temperature stress, and the reduction of content of two glutelin subunits and prolamin has no relation with the ability of nitrogen supplied to grain and with the ability of protein synthesis, but has close correlation with procedure of transformation, transport, aggregation and degradation of post-translation protein under the condition of high-temperature stress.

关 键 词：水稻 灌浆期 高温胁迫 贮藏蛋白 聚合作用 大米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]