生命理念的缺失：近代天赋人权说的两难困境--严复、梁启超、谭嗣同合论  

Absence of Life Philosophy:A Dilemma of Human Rights are Endowed by Heaven in Modern China——Theory of YAN Fu and LIANG Qi-chao and TAN Si-tong

作　　者：隋淑芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学政法学院教授,北京100089

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2009年第3期39-43,共5页Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Social Science)

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学“十一五”规划项目(06BaZX013)

摘　　要：天赋人权说在中国近代的两难困境,深层次的原因是新生命理念的缺失。新生命理念以权利存在体界定人生命的独特性,构筑了自由平等的逻辑前提,而近代启蒙思想家以对生命存在的伦理关怀和存活优先意识遮蔽了权利意识;这一国民素质问题上的认知误区,导致对完整人权基础上生命同质性理念的背离,造成人权主体的失落、人与人权的分离;进化论、制度思维、实证思维三种思维范式使启蒙思想家思考天赋人权时陷入认知误区。自由民主与天赋人权的割裂,造成了启蒙思想的弱化和转向。The Concept that human rights are endowed by heaven in modern China runs into a dilemma with the absence of new life philosophy. First, new life philosophy delimits subjects of right as the uniqueness of life, and establishes the logical prerequisite of freedom and equality. However, consciousness of right is hidden by the enlightenment thinkers in modern China, who pay great attention to solicitude of subjects of life in moral and consciousness of giving priority to subsistence. Second, the thinkers＇ mis-understanding in quality of population causes that the concept of life philosophy based on human rights is deviated, the subjects of human rights are forgotten and that people separates from human rights. Third, three thought paradigms, which are theory of evolution and system thought and doctrine thought, bring thinkers sliding into erroneous cognition when they think that human rights are endowed by heaven. Enlightenment thinking is reduced and transformed because that freedom and democracy severed from the cognition that human rights are endowed by heaven.

关 键 词：生命理念 天赋人权 权力体 生命同质 思维误区 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]