用豆油代替鱼油对虹鳟生长、非特异性免疫和组织酶活性的影响  

Effects of replacement of fish oil with soybean oil on growth performance,immunity and tissue enzyme activity of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

作　　者：徐奇友[1] 许红[1] 李婵[2] 杨萍[1] 王常安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]大连水产学院生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连水产学院学报》2009年第2期104-108,共5页Journal of Dalian Fisheries University

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项(2008326001);黑水研基本科研专项(2007HSYZX-YZ-08)

摘　　要：研究了用豆油代替鱼油对体重为（33．75±0．28）g虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss生长性能、免疫和组织酶活性的影响。试验共分4个处理，每个处理设3个重复，每个重复放80尾鱼，分别添加18％（质量分数，下同）鱼油（G1组）、6％鱼油＋12％豆油（G2组）、3％鱼油＋15％豆油（G3组）和18％豆油（G4组）。试验期间水温为12．5～16．5℃，溶解氧为7．8～10mg／L，每天饲喂2次，试验共进行8周。结果表明：豆油部分或全部代替鱼油对虹鳟试验末体重、体长、肥满度、特定生长率、饵料系数和日增重未产生显著影响（P〉0．05），G2组试验末体重、特定生长率、日增重分别较对照组（G1组）提高7．99％、11．85％和13．89％，饵料系数下降12．82％。与G1组相比，G3组鱼血浆和肝脏中碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高（P〈0．05），肝脏和肾脏中酸性磷酸酶的活性显著提高（P〈0．01）；G4组鱼肝脏中溶菌酶活性显著降低（P〈0．05），G2、G3组也呈下降趋势，但差异不显著；各试验组鱼鳃中丙二醛活性显著（P〈0．05）或极显著降低（P〈0．05）；G3组鱼肝脏中过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著升高（P〈0．05），12；3、G4组鱼肾脏中CAT也显著升高（P〈0．05）。可见，用豆油可以部分代替鱼油用于虹鳟生产，但用豆油完全代替鱼油会影响虹鳟鱼体的免疫力。试验表明，用添加质量分数为6％鱼油＋12％豆油的饲料饲养虹鳟时，虹鳟的生产性能最好。Effects of replacement of fish oil with soybean oil on growth performance and immunity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were studied. The fish was fed the diets containing 18% fish oil（ G1 ）, 6% fish oil ＋ 12% soy oil（G2）, 3% fish oil ＋ 15% soy oil（G3） and 18% soy oil（G4） with triplication for 8 weeks at water temperature from 12.5 - 16.5 ℃, and dissolved oxygen content from 7.8 - 10 mg/L. There were no significant differences in final body weight, final body length, condition factor, special growth rate （SGR）, feed conversion ratio （FCR） and daily gain in the treatment groups（ P 〉 0.05）. The fish in the group G2 had 7.99% higher final body weight, 11.85% higher SGR, 13.89% daily weight gain and 12.82% lower FCR than the fish in the group G1 did. There were significantly higher plasma AKP, liver AKP（ P 〈 0.05 ）and liver ACP, kidney ACP（ P 〈 0.01 ）in G3 than those in G1. Liver lysozyme was found to decrease in G4 （ P 〈 0.05 ）, G2 and G3 （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Lower gill MDA was observed （P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01 ）in G2, G3 and G4, and higher liver CAT in G3 （P 〈0.05）and lower kidney CAT in G3, and G4 （ P 〈 0.05 ）, indicating that growth performance was not influenced by replacement of fish oil with soy oil, but the immunity decreased; the best growth performance was observed in the group of 6% fish oil ＋ 12% soy oil.

关 键 词：豆油 鱼油 虹鳟 生长 免疫 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]