湖泊营养物基准的制定方法研究进展  

A literature review for lake nutrient criteria development

作　　者：霍守亮[1] 陈奇[1,2] 席北斗[1] 郭旭晶[1] 陈艳卿[1] 刘鸿亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]北京化工大学,北京100029

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第2期743-748,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2008ZX07106-001);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2008CB418206)

摘　　要：系统论述了国外湖泊营养物基准制定程序和技术方法,重点分析了国外营养物基准指标的选取和确定湖泊营养参照状态的方法,并分析了其适用性和可行性。湖泊营养物基准指标的选取要综合考虑富营养化控制关键因子和不同分区湖泊区域差异性,所选指标要具有相对稳定、因地制宜、早期预警等特点。湖泊参照状态的确定主要包括调查数据和历史数据的统计分析、模型预测和推断、古湖沼学重建等方法。统计学方法充分利用历史及现状的实测水质和生物数据,保证制定的基准适用于大多数湖泊,对于历史监测资料缺乏或污染严重的湖泊,该方法确定参照状态较困难;模型预测和推断方法用于受人类影响较严重的湖泊参照状态确定,但也需要大量数据进行校准和验证;古湖沼学重建法利用湖泊沉积重建湖泊自然营养本底和定量恢复历史时期湖泊营养状态演化序列,进而推导湖泊参照状态,需要复杂的数据分析和专家判断,同时也难以适用于沉积物受扰动较大的浅水湖泊。我国的大部分湖泊普遍受人类影响较大,历史数据稀缺,不同分区湖泊的差异性显著,针对国外营养物基准制定方法优缺点,需要加以优化改进,建立我国完善的湖泊营养物基准制定方法体系,指导我国湖泊营养物基准的制定。This paper presents the process and technical method to develop lake nutrient criteria, analyses mainly the approaches of nutrient variables selection and lake reference condition establishment. Nutrient variables involve necessarily the indicators of over-enrichment and lake geographic differences, and possess the characteristics of relatively stability, ecoregion and eutrophication prediction. Several methods of reference condition establishment have been reviewed as statistical distributions of direct observation of reference lakes, model prediction and extrapolation, and paleolimnological reconstruction. Through analyzing historical and existing water quality data and biological information, statistical approach could ensure the established criteria is applicable for most lakes. However, the reference conditions are not specifically established by this approach when the lakes lack observation or significantly impacted by human activity. Model prediction and extrapolation can be used for lakes suffered anthropogenic disturbances, and needs to be recalibrated and tested with large data sets. Paleolimnological reconstruction approach tracks the natural background concentrations of lake nutrients and quantitatively restores past conditions by using sediment cores, and requires complex analyses and expert judgments. It is difficult to reconstruct the past nutrient condition of shallow lakes in which sediments are easily disturbed. Most of lakes have been impacted seriously by human activity in China, lack historical data record, and have significant geographic differences. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize and improve the methods of lake nutrient criteria development and establish an integrated methodology system of nutrient criteria development in China, direct us develop numeric criteria for nutrients to protect the designated uses from cultural eutrophication.

关 键 词：营养物基准 基准制定方法 参照状态 营养物指标 

分 类 号：X132[环境科学与工程—环境科学]