露天矿区生态问题及生态重建方法探讨  

Ecological Problems in and Ecological Rehabilitation Methods for Open-pit Mines

作　　者：夏既胜[1] 刘晓芳[1] 谈树成[1] 万晔[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学

出　　处：《金属矿山》2009年第6期163-166,183,共5页Metal Mine

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金(编号:2008CD073);国家自然科学基金项目(项目批准号:50468004)

摘　　要：露天矿由于在地表开采,产生的生态问题比地下矿严重。吞占土地、破坏植被、次生地质灾害、水体污染和破坏、大气污染、重金属污染、水土流失和土地沙漠化等,是露天矿区常见的生态问题。从露天矿区目前所存在的生态问题入手,探讨露天矿区生态重建的内容与特点、生态重建技术、目前国内外矿区生态重建工作概况、我国露天矿区生态重建存在的问题等。最后就我国露天矿区目前的生态重建工作,提出进一步的建议:利用采矿大型机械运移岩土进行露天矿土体再造;进行物理、化学、微生物等相结合的综合治理;加强群落结构优化配置模式的多样性研究等。Open-pit mining produces more serious ecological problems than underground mining does due to its mining on the ground surface, which generally include land occupation, vegetation destruction, secondary geological disaster, water body pollution and destruction, atmospheric pollution, heavy metal pollution, water loss ＆ soil erosion and desertifieation. In light of the present ecological problems in open-pit mines, the paper discuses the contents, features and technology of their ecological rehabilitation, the general conditions of domestic and foreign mine ecological rehabilitation and the related existing problems in China. Suggestions are made on this work in China, including the rebuilding of the soil body of open pit mine by rock-soil transported by large mining equipment, comprehensive treatment by physical, chemical and microbiological ways, and the enhanced diversity study on community structure optimized configuration modes.

关 键 词：露天矿 生态重建 植被恢复 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] U178[交通运输工程]