利用小行星测量信息的深空探测器自主导航算法研究  

Autonomous Optical Navigation for Interplanetary Cruise Based on Images of Beacon Asteroids

作　　者：张晓文[1] 王大轶[1] 黄翔宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京控制工程研究所空间智能控制技术国家级重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《航天控制》2009年第3期17-22,共6页Aerospace Control

基　　金：863计划项目(2004AA735063;2008AA12A203);国防基础科研项目(A0320080019)

摘　　要：提出一种利用小行星图像信息的深空探测转移轨道段自主光学导航算法。该算法首先利用导航敏感器获取含有恒星背景的多颗小行星的图像;然后通过图像处理,提取出小行星和恒星中心点对应的像素;最后利用小行星和恒星中心点的像素、探测器的惯性姿态和观测时刻的小行星星历等信息,通过引入Unscented变换的批处理最小二乘滤波估计探测器的位置和速度。以"深空一号"探测器飞行轨道为例进行数学仿真,结果表明该算法导航精度优于"深空一号"应用的批处理最小二乘滤波。An autonomous optical navigation method based on images of asteroids during interplanetary cruise is presented. In this method, firstly, images of asteroids with star background are taken by the spacecraft navigation camera. Then images are processed to determine the center of the asteroid and stars in the camera frame. Finally, the locations of the centers of asteroids and stars, the inertial attitude of spacecraft and the ephemeris of asteroids at the time of observing are used to determine the orbit by using a new nonlinear filter combining Unscented transformation and batch least square. The method is demonstrated with simulation according to the real trajectory of Deep Space 1 mission, and comparison between results of this new method and batch least square filter （BLS） used by Deep Space 1 shows that the former has higher accuracy.

关 键 词：自主光学导航 最小二乘 Unscented变换 深空探测 

分 类 号：V448.224[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]