开放式创新下的知识治理——基于认知视角的跨案例研究  

Multiple Case Researches on Knowledge Governance for Open Innovation Based on Cognitive Perspectives

作　　者：王雎[1] 

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2009年第3期45-53,共9页Nankai Business Review

摘　　要：开放式创新作为21世纪的创新趋势,所带来的挑战已经不是知识管理层面的问题,而是组织知识治理层面的问题,即迫切需要有效的治理机制来应对由知识差异性、知识复杂性以及创新者利益冲突所产生的知识基础性风险,从而为这种分布式、大规模的创新活动提供制度性保障。本文基于内涵更加丰富的认知视角,将知识治理的两种主要思路——情景组合观与流程设计观有机融合,以开放式创新中的知识流转作为分析单元,以创新过程各个环节中的知识基础性风险为分析的微观基础与治理对象,运用跨案例研究,旨在超越交易成本理论的传统思路建立一个开放式创新下知识治理的理论框架,从而为更加深入的实证研究奠定基础,也为企业的开放式创新实践提供有益的借鉴与参考。While open innovation has become an important trend of 21st century, it is also triggering knowledge-based hazards because of the diverse knowledge background and expectations of innova- tion participants, （e.g. consumers, end users, suppliers, experts）. By conducting multiple case researches, we develop a dynamic and contingent framework of knowledge governance for open innovation based on cognitive theories. Firstly, based on Foss＇ research from the process point of view, our analysis unit is knowledge flow composed of knowledge allocation, knowledge integration and knowledge appropriation. Knowledge-based hazards existing in these three stages need specific governance mechanisms. On the other hand, based on Grandori＇s research from the contingency view, knowledge differentiation, knowledge complexity and conflict of interests are considered as the main contextual variables in open innovation, influencing knowledge-based hazards as well as corresponding governance mechanisms. Our explorative research finds that： （1） for knowledge-based hazards, the design of innovation task acts as a governance mechanism in knowledge allocation, the quality control mechanism and innovation capitalist in knowledge integration, and the relational intellectual property rights in knowledge appropriation. The knowledge governance mechanism for open innovation turns out to be quite different from that for closed innovation; （2） characteristics of each governance mechanism closely relate to the contextual variables. The innovation task varies with knowledge differentiation, the quality control and the innovation capitalist vary with knowledge complexity, and the relational intellectual property right varies with conflicts of interest; （3） as a whole, the knowledge governance mechanism is a portfolio of the specific mechanism within each stage of knowledge flow. It is diversified by contextual variables in business practices. As a result, our research not only lays foundations for further empirical researc

关 键 词：开放式创新 知识治理 认知性失灵 知识基础性风险 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]