一种测定活性污泥中高等微生物活性的方法  

An effective method of measuring the activity of higher microorganisms in activated sludge

作　　者：曹亚莉[1] 郝晓地[1] 王啟林[1] 张向萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑工程学院可持续环境生物技术研发中心,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2009年第7期1395-1399,共5页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.50678017);北京市属市管高等学校人才强教计划项目(No.BJE10016200611)~~

摘　　要：采用机械破碎方式灭活活性污泥中高等微生物,并通过测定破碎前后泥样耗氧速率(OUR)之差别间接计算高等微生物的活性作用.实验结果表明,以分散机破碎活性污泥,高等微生物均可被有效地破碎灭活,且再培养138h后不再恢复.与此同时,对酵母菌破碎实验显示,机械破碎并未对其数量、形态以及活性产生太大影响,这表明机械破碎亦不会对个体尺寸比酵母菌更小的细菌构成任何影响.为使破碎前后活性污泥絮凝体形态基本一致,将破碎后的泥样经离心处理,以尽可能使絮凝体恢复如初(以SVI衡量).通过比较破碎前后泥样的OUR并计算可知,高等微生物活性相对于活性污泥总活性约占12%～14%.A mechanical disruption method was experimentally applied to kill higher microorganisms in activated sludge; the activity of higher microorganisms could be indirectly calculated on the basis of the difference of oxygen uptake ratios （OURs） before and after disruption. The experiments indicated that a disperser could effectively break up and kill higher microorganisms and that they did not revive after enrichment for 138 h. As a control, yeasts were also disrupted by the disperser, to show that their numbers, morphology and activity were not mechanically affected, which implies that bacteria smaller than yeasts would not be mechanically affected either. To assure an almost identical morphology of flocs before and after disruption, the sludge after disruption was centrifuged to approach the same sludge volume index as before treatment. The activity of higher organisms could be calculated by measuring and comparing the OUR values of sludge samples before and after disruption, and was determined to be 12% - 14% in this study.

关 键 词：活性污泥 絮凝体 细菌 高等微生物 活性 机械破碎 酵母菌 耗氧速率 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]