工作记忆和一般智力关系的研究现状与前瞻  

Recent Development in the Study of the Relationship between General Intelligence and Working Memory

作　　者：党彩萍[1,2] 刘昌[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州医学院人文社会科学学院心理系,广州510182 [2]南京师范大学教科院心理系,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2009年第4期683-690,共8页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部高等学校全国优秀博士学位论文专项基金(200006);广州医学院项目基金(2006GD060)资助

摘　　要：工作记忆和它的两个子系统——短时记忆和中央执行系统分别与一般智力的关系,在现有研究中争议之处主要表现在前三者与一般智力联系密切还是相关较低。工作记忆和一般智力是两个独立的结构,但二者联系密切,前者能有效预测后者。工作记忆和一般智力联系密切的原因主要在于:前额叶皮层是二者共有的生理机制,控制性注意和复杂策略的运用是二者共有的心理机制,而测试材料内容上的重叠和对潜变量的复合预测又可能夸大这种关系。Existing studies disagree as to whether the respective correlation of working memory as a whole and its two sub-systems--short term memory and central executive--with general intelligence is strong or weak. Working memory and general intelligence are two independent constructs that have strong relationship to each other, with the former able to predict the latter. The reasons of such strong relationship between WM and general intelligence are principally that working memory and general intelligence share prefrontal cortex, controlled attention and complex strategic processes underlie performance on working memory span tasks as well as tests of general intelligence, while the overlapping of test content and the compound prediction of latent variable may exaggerate their correlation.

关 键 词：工作记忆 一般智力 短时记忆 中央执行系统 控制性注意 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]