匹配滤波器优化设计及在红外弱小点目标检测中的应用  

Novel Matching Filter Design and its Application on Dim Point Target Detection in Infrared Image

作　　者：朱金标[1] 李建勋[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学自动化系,上海200240

出　　处：《光学学报》2009年第8期2128-2133,共6页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：航空科学基金(20075157007);航天支撑基金(2008-HT-SHJD003);目标与环境光学特征重点实验室基金;教育部重大专项培育计划(706022)资助课题

摘　　要：针对红外传感器成像信噪比低且易受噪声、背景杂波干扰的问题,结合红外图像中点目标成像的特性,充分利用目标、背景杂波及噪声在空间域中的分布特性,进行空间匹配滤波器的优化设计。首先对红外点目标特性进行了分析,在此基础上进行一维匹配滤波器的优化设计,进而构建了优化设计的空间匹配滤波器。结合优化设计匹配滤波器、形态学背景抑制和自适应门限的红外弱小目标检测算法由于充分考虑了红外点目标的衍射效应和目标与背景的灰度差异,使滤波过程智能地融入了目标和背景的特性,极大地提高了红外弱小目标的检测性能。实测数据验证表明,本检测算法对低信噪比(f_(SNR)≤2)的红外图像,在保证10^(-5)虚警概率前提下,检测概率不小于95%。The characteristics of dim point target during infrared image acquisition is analyzed, aiming at detecting them under a very low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and strong background interferences. Based on spatial distributions of targets, background and noise, a novel spatial matching filter is proposed to raise SNR from original low level. This spatial matching filter is optimized from ID version considering the diffraction effects of targets. Then a novel morphology is presented to reduce background and enhance target saliency. A threshold selection algorithm is adopted to extract dim point targets adaptively. In all three stages, diffraction effects of targets and intensity difference of targets with background are taken into account to improve detection performance. Experimental results prove that under a low SNR （42）, the successful detection rate of proposed method is over 95 % with 10^-5 false detection rate.

关 键 词：图像处理 匹配滤波器 低信噪比 点目标检测 红外图像 

分 类 号：TN911.73[电子电信—通信与信息系统]