曲线磨耗状态下轮轨弹塑性接触有限元分析  

Finite Element Analysis of the Elastic-Plastic Contact of the Worn Wheels and Rails on Curve

作　　者：侯传伦[1] 翟婉明[1] 邓锐[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2009年第5期28-33,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50838006;50823004);国家"八六三"计划项目(2007AA11Z239)

摘　　要：基于现场实测的重载铁路小半径曲线段正常磨耗范围内典型轮轨型面,应用有限元分析软件AN-SYS建立轮轨三维接触有限元模型。模型考虑了车轮与钢轨的实际几何形状和边界条件,轮轨材料本构模型采用双线性随动强化弹塑性材料模型,计算分析曲线段不同磨耗程度车轮与钢轨的接触状态。计算结果表明:在相同载荷条件下,随着75 kg.m-1钢轨侧磨量的增加,轮轨接触斑面积呈增大趋势,钢轨最大Mises等效应力逐渐降低,轮轨踏面廓形逐渐相互匹配,接触状态得到改善;在钢轨侧磨量从0 mm增加到5 mm过程中,轮轨接触状态变化较大,钢轨处于剧烈磨耗阶段,容易出现疲劳裂纹、剥离掉块等接触疲劳伤损,钢轨侧磨量超过5mm后,轮轨接触状态变化趋于平缓,钢轨处于稳定磨耗阶段。Based on field measured wheel and rail profiles within the normal wear range on the small radius curve of the heavy haul railway,a three-dimensional wheel-rail contact model was established by using the finite element code ANSYS.In the model,the geometry and boundary conditions of the wheel and the rail were taken into account.The materials of the wheel and the rail were treated as elastic-plastic models with bilinear kinematic hardening property.The contact state of the wheels and the rails with different degrees of wear was calculated and analyzed. The results show that as the side wear of 75 kg · m^-1 rail increases,the size of contact patch tends to increase while the von Mises equivalent stress of the rail decreases under the same load condition. Consequently, the wheel-rail contact state is improved due to the mutual matching of the wheel and the rail profiles. The wheel-rail contact state undergoes a big change and the rail is at a rapid wear stage when the side wear of the rail rises from 0 mm to 5 mm, and the rolling contact fatigues of the rail are liable to occur, such as fatigue cracks, shelling defects and so on. The change of the contact state is relatively steady when the side wear of the rail exceeds 5 mm, and so does the wear.

关 键 词：轮轨接触 钢轨侧磨 实测轮轨型面 有限元法 弹塑性 

分 类 号：U213.42[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U260.113[机械工程—车辆工程]