汉语词义衍化规律的微观研究及其在二语教学中的应用  

A Microcosmic Study of the Rules of Word Meaning Derivation and Its Application to L2 Chinese Teaching

作　　者：张博[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2009年第3期355-368,共14页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"现代汉语多义词研究"(批准号04BYY025)经费支持

摘　　要：词义衍化规律的微观研究以语义类聚词为观察对象,旨在揭示其意义发展变化的对应性及由此形成的语义关联。它既是中观、宏观层面词义衍化规律理论研究的基础,又具有较高的实用价值。本文立足于微观层面,分析汉语词义相应衍化的主要类型及时空上的渐次性,论证不同语言词义相应衍化的特殊性、普遍性及其影响因素,并在此基础上提出,可将词义相应衍化研究应用于汉语作为第二语言的词汇教学:1)多义关系、源流关系彼此证发,强化学习者对语义关联的理解;2)揭示词义衍化规律,帮助学习者认识汉语词汇的类型特征;3)认识汉语词义相应衍化的特殊性,化解词汇学习难点;4)注重词义相应衍化的语言事实,增强学习词典和教材词语释义的对应性。The microcosmic study of word meaning derivation, with words of the same semantic category as object, aims at revealing the correspondence of evolution of meaning and the semantic correlation thus formed. It is the basis for the theoretical study of med-cosmic and macrocosmic derivation rules and is valued highly in practice. This study, based on the microcosmic level, analyzes the main categories of semantic derivation and its progressiveness in time and space, expounds the special features and universality of meaning derivation of different languages and the influencing factors. As a result, it suggests that this study can be applied to L2 vocabulary teaching in the following aspects： 1 ） enhancing the understanding of semantic correlations by the mutual support of polysemic and etymological categorical features of Chinese words by revealing relations; 2） helping the learners to know the the rules of meaning derivation; 3） solving the learners＇ difficulties in vocabulary studies by enabling them to identify the special features of Chinese word meaning derivation ; and 4） improving the correspondence of definitions in pedagogical dictionaries and word study in text books by emphasizing language facts of word meaning derivation.

关 键 词：汉语词汇 词义 词义相应衍化 词汇教学 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]