金沙江干热河谷退化生态系统植被恢复生态功能评价——以元谋小流域典型模式为例  

Assessment of system functions after vegetation restoration of the degraded ecosystem in arid-hot valleys of Jinsha River:A case study on small watershed of Yuanmou

作　　者：纪中华[1] 方海东[1] 杨艳鲜[1] 潘志贤[1] 沙毓沧[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农科院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第4期1383-1389,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家"十一五"支撑计划项目(2006BAC01A11);国家支撑项目(2008BAD98B00);云南省基金项目(2006D0092M)

摘　　要：针对干热河谷具有光热资源丰富、气候干旱燥热、水热矛盾突出、植被覆盖率低、水土流失严重、生态环境强烈退化、植被恢复困难等特点,文章总结干热河谷植被恢复的技术体系,研究分析了植被恢复对生态系统的水保功能、环境功能、生物多样性等生态功能的影响,结果表明:植被恢复后,生态系统的土壤侵蚀程度明显下降,其中轻度退化土地减少了22.03%;中度退化土地减少了21.15%;强度退化土地减少了34.15%;植被恢复后,小流域的气候环境有较大的改善,气温下降、湿度提高,改变了该区域"干"、"热"的恶劣环境;对系统多样性的研究主要针对强度以上退化系统的人工生态林模式和自然禁封治理模式进行分析多样性与生态系统功能的关系,结合前期研究结果认为,自然禁封治理模式使系统具有生物多样性,有助于系统生态功能完善稳定,而银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)人工林恢复模式,虽然物种多样性减少,但系统具备优化的生态功能,因此,就干热河谷强度、极强度退化生态系统而言,银合欢冲沟治理模式和自然禁封治理模式是较优化的模式。To aim at the problems of the dry-hot climate, outstanding inconsistent of water-heat, low vegetation coverage, serious soil erosion, intense degradation of ecological environment and the difficulty of vegetation restoration, this paper summarized the vegeta- tion restoration technique system in the dry-hot valleys and analyzed the functions of soil and water conservation, climate improvement, and biological diversity increase of vegetation restoration on the ecosystem in the dry-hot valleys. The investigations of the ecosystem biodiversity were carried out on the analysis of the relationship between biodiversity and ecological function of the two ecosystem patterns： artificial restoration forest and the natural by enclose on the high degraded land. The results showed that the soil erosion rate decreased significantly after the vegetation restoration, and the degraded land also decreased with the reduction of 22.03%, 21.15% and 34.15% for the low, moderate and high degraded land, respectively. The climate environment of the small watershed showed an apparent improvement after the vegetation restoration, since the temperature decrease and the humidity increase that led to reduce the inconsistent of water-heat. The natural restoration by enclose ecosystem is useful to the biodiversity, the improvement and the stability of the ecosystem, and the Leucaena artificial restoration forest reduced the species diversity but optimized the ecological function. Therefore, as to the high and extremely high degraded ecosystem in the dry-hot valleys, the Leucaena pattern of gully control and natural restoration by enclose are the relatively optimal measures.

关 键 词：植被恢复 水保功能 环境功能 生物多样性 干热河谷 退化生态系统 生态功能 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]