形态和声波相似的中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠的共存机制  

Coexistence mechanism of two sympatric horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus and Rhinolophus affinis) (Rhinolophidae) with similar morphology and echolocation calls

作　　者：叶根先[1,2] 施利民[1] 孙克萍[1] 朱旭[1] 冯江[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室,吉林长春130024 [2]东北师范大学草地研究所植被生态教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第10期5330-5338,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30770361;30870371);国家教育部博士点基金资助项目(20060200007);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2009CB426305)

摘　　要：研究了同域分布的中华菊头蝠(Rhinolophus sinicus)与中菊头蝠(Rhinolophus affinis)的食性、形态、回声定位声波及捕食时间。中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠均属于中等体型的菊头蝠,前臂长分别为(51.25±0.22)mm和(52.40±0.37)mm;悬挂状态下的回声定位声波均为典型的调频-恒频-调频(FM-CM-FM)型叫声,峰频分别为(82.07±0.17)kHz和(84.41±0.48)kHz。粪便分析显示中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠分别捕食9目和7目昆虫,均以鳞翅目(Lepidiptera)和鞘翅目(Coleoptera)昆虫为主要食物(体积百分比总和>90%),捕食鳞翅目昆虫的体积百分比差异显著,对猎物大小(以鞘翅目昆虫体长衡量)的选择无显著差异。中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠的营养生态位宽度分别为2.38和2.28,重叠度达0.91,营养生态位未发生明显分化,但充足的食物资源促进了二者的共存。另外,2种菊头蝠的感官生态位和时间生态位未发生明显分化。由2种菊头蝠的翼载和峰频的差异推测二者发生了空间生态位和捕食微生境的分化,这也可能促进了二者的共存。We studied on the diet,morphology,echolocation calls and foraging time in two species of sympatric horseshoe bats,Rhinolophus sinicus and Rhinolophus affinis.Both R.sinicus and R.affinis are middle-sized horseshoe bats with the forearm lengths of（51.25±0.22） mm and（52.40±0.37） mm,respectively.They both emitted long constant frequency echolocation calls preceded and followed by brief frequency-modulated components（FM-CM-FM） when hanging.The peak frequencies of their echolocation calls were（82.07±0.17） kHz and（84.41±0.48） kHz,respectively.Feces analysis indicated that R.sinicus and R.affinis foraged on 9 genera and 7 genera of insects,respectively.Lepidiptera and Coleoptera（total volume percentage 〉90%） dominated the diets of the two species,but significant difference exists between volume percentage of Lepidiptera insects in the two species.No significant difference was found in prey size（scaled by the body length of Coleoptera insects） selection.The trophic niche of R.sinicus and Raffinis was 2.38 and 2.28,respectively,and the degree of trophic niche overlap was 0.91,so the trophic niche differentiation was not obvious.High prey availability in the habitat might contribute to the coexistence of these two species of horseshoe bats.Moreover,no significant differentiation of sensory ecology and temporal niche was found.The significant differences of wing load and peak frequency of the two species might result in the spatial niche differentiation in foraging microhabitat and promote their coexistence.

关 键 词：形态 声波 菊头蝠 食性分析 生态位 共存 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学] Q958[生物学—普通生物学]