短跑支撑期股后肌损伤的动力学分析  

The Kinetic Analysis of Hamstring Strain during Stance Phase of Sprint Running

作　　者：魏书涛[1] 刘宇[1] 钟运健[1] 李庆[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院运动技能研究中心,上海200438 [2]北京清华大学体育部,北京100084

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2009年第6期639-643,共5页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10672105;30871210);上海科委项目(08490512700);上海市"东方学者"基金资助

摘　　要：目的:本研究通过分析短跑途中跑支撑期下肢关节各种力矩分量,探寻下肢动力学与股后肌损伤的内在联系。方法:8名短跑运动员为受试者,采用即时红外高速摄影技术及三维测力台,引入环节互动动力学方法计算分析短跑最大速度阶段支撑期的下肢关节力矩,研究各种力矩分量(含肌肉力矩、地面反作用力力矩、惯性力矩等)在膝、髋关节处产生的作用,分析在支撑期股后肌的受力及作用情况。结果显示:触地初期,地面反作用力通过膝、髋关节前方,在膝关节处产生伸膝力矩,在髋关节处产生屈髋力矩,为抵抗这一力矩,股后肌群收缩产生屈膝力矩和伸髋力矩分别为231.09±99.04Nm和453.15±199.06Nm。结论:触地初期股后肌承受极大的负荷,是股后肌损伤发生的高危险期。Objective The purpose of this paper was to analyze the segment-interaction and its relevance to hamstring muscle （HM） injury through kinematics image analysis and ground reaction force measurement during stance phase of sprint running. Methods Vicon High Resolution Cameras,Kistler force-plate and Visual3D software were used in this study. The GRF,knee torque and the strength of hamstring muscle were studied. Results During the initial stage of stance phase of sprinting, the ground reaction force passed through in front of knee and hip joint, which produced knee extension torque and hip flexion torque. To counteract the torque of GRF,the hamstring contracted and produced a flexion torque at knee（231.09±99.04Nm） and an extension torque at hip（453.15±199.06Nm）. Conclusion Hamstring had the higher risk of injury during the initial stance phase.

关 键 词：短跑 地面反力 关节力矩 股后肌群 损伤机制 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]