枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC M207209对苹果采后致腐真菌的抑制作用  

Antifungal activity of Bacillus subtilis CCTCC M207209 on rot-causing fungi in postharvest apples

作　　者：孙卉[1] 师俊玲[1] 杨保伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第12期168-174,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAK02A24)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC M207209液体培养物和固体培养中的挥发性气体产物对多种苹果致腐真菌的抑菌活性,初步确定发酵液中抑制扩展青霉的活性物质的特性,为其在生物防治中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以扩展青霉、圆弧青霉、皮落青霉、矮棒曲霉、黑曲霉、黄柄曲霉为指示菌,用对峙培养法检测菌体的抑菌活性,用杯碟法检测无菌体发酵液及其提取物的抑菌活性,用平板对扣法测定挥发性气体产物的抑菌活性,以确定枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC M207209的各种培养物对苹果采后致腐真菌的抑制作用。【结果】枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCCM207209的菌体、无菌体发酵液和挥发性气体产物对多种苹果致腐真菌,特别是扩展青霉有显著抑制作用,其中菌体和无菌体发酵液的抑菌圈直径分别为(19.0±0.82)mm和(18.9±0.57)mm,挥发性气体产物对扩展青霉的抑菌率可以达到(87.2±4.19)%;发酵液中抑制扩展青霉的活性物质能够溶于50%体积分数乙醚;发酵液经50%硫酸铵饱和度提取后,抑菌活性保持率为84.4%。【结论】枯草芽孢杆菌CCTCC M207209的发酵液和挥发性气体产物能够抑制多种苹果致腐真菌,特别是扩展青霉的生长。[Objective] The paper aimed at evaluating the antifungal activity of the liquid culture and the organic volatile products in solid-state cultivation of Bacillus subtilis CCTCC M207209 in inhibiting the rot-causing fungi in postharvest apples and primarily identifying the antifungal substance on inhibiting Penicillium expansum. [Method] Six rot-causing fungi,including Penicilliurn expansum , Penicillium cyclopium , Penicillium crustosum ,Aspergillus clavatonanicus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavipes, were used as indicators in the study. In order to identify the inhibitory activity of different products of Bacillus subtilis CCTCC M207209 against apples rot-causing fungi, the dual-culture plate method, the cupplate method,and the two-sealed-base-plates method were used to test the antifungal activity of cells,cellfree liquid culture and extracts in different solvents of the liquid culture,and volatile products in the solidstate cultivation of B. subtilis CCTCC M207209 ,respectively. [Result] Cells and the cell-free liquid culture of B. subtilis CCTCC M207209 show significant inhibitory activity to most of the rot-causing fungi,especially P. expansum. The diameter of antibacterial zone of the cell plug and cell-free liquid culture are （19.0±0.82） mm and （18. 9±0. 57） mm,respectively. The volatiles products can inhibit P. expansum growth,the inhibitory rate reaching （87.2±4.19）% The anti-fungal substance in the liquid culture of B. subtilis CCTCC M207209 against P. expansum could be dissolved in 50%（V/V） ether and precipitated by 50 % saturation degree ammonia sulphate, 84.4% of the antibacterial activity is maintained. [Conclusion] The liquid culture and volatile products in solid-state cultivation of B. subtilis CCTCC M207209 could inhibit many rot-causing fungi,especially P. elpansurn,in apples.

关 键 词：枯草芽孢杆菌 抑菌活性 致腐真菌 苹果 扩展青霉 

分 类 号：S482.292[农业科学—农药学]