智力残疾的致残病因调查分析  

Etiology of Mental Disability

作　　者：刘志超[1] 毛小平[1] 彭蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院神经一科,武汉430060

出　　处：《中国康复》2009年第6期393-395,共3页Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的:调查和分析智力残疾的致残原因,提高国民的保健意识,减少相关疾病的发病率及致残率。方法:以湖北省第2次全国残疾人抽样调查的资料为依据,对52例智力残疾患者进行病因分析;并比较不同等级及不同地区(城市和农村)导致智力残疾的主要疾病。结果:在已明确的智力残疾原因中染色体异常性疾病致残率最高(19.1%);脑炎其次(18.0%),这两类病因的比重明显高于其他病因的比重(P<0.01)。农村患者中原因不明、染色体异常性疾病、其他外伤、发育畸形所占比重比城市高(P<0.01);而脑炎、新生儿窒息、早产、低体重和过期产所占比重城市高于农村(P<0.01)。结论:在智力残疾的致残疾病中染色体异常性疾病和脑炎为首要病因。防治智力残疾的重点是建立健全医疗保健体制,注重围产期的检查及少年儿童的预防保健工作等。Objective： To investigate the etiology of mental disability. Methods： The study was based on the data of the Secondary China Sampling Survey of Disability. The etiologies of mental disability were analyzed in city and countryside. Results： The ratio of hereditary diseases and brain diseases was higher than that of the other etiology of mental disability （P〈0. 01）. The ratio of hereditary diseases in countryside was higher than that in city （P〈0. 01）. The ratio of the brain diseases in countryside was lower than that in city （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Hereditary diseases and brain diseases are the major etiology of mental disability. Brain diseases are the first etiology of mental disability in city. However, hereditary diseases are the first etiology of mental disability in countryside.

关 键 词：智力残疾 病因 脑炎 染色体异常 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]