改革开放以来我国义务教育投资体制发展历程的反思  

Reflections on the Compulsory Education Investment in China after the Reform and Open Policy

作　　者：刁玉华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省教育厅,河南郑州450008

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2010年第1期128-136,共9页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

摘　　要：普及义务教育是中华民族的百年梦想。1985年,中共中央颁布了《关于教育体制改革的决定》,明确提出了普及九年制义务教育的目标。投资体制是普及九年制义务教育的关键。改革开放以来,我国义务教育投资体制经历了四种模式,即"两条腿走路"办学;"多渠道筹措教育经费"办学;"地方政府负责,以县为主"办学;"中央和地方分项目,按比例分担"办学。最终普及九年制义务教育投资体制,实现了"由分权向集权"、"由基层向上层"、"由群众向政府"、"由收费向免费"、"由普及向提高"的转变。我国义务教育投资体制必须与政治、经济、社会发展环境相适应;必须实事求是、与时俱进,才能很好地实施;必须体现"以人为本"的思想,坚持科学发展观。It is the century dream of the Chinese people to popularize the compulsory education. The CPC central committee proposed to popularize the compulsory education in the Decision on the Reform of the Education System in 1985. The investment system is critical for the nine-year-compulsory education. After the reform and opening, the investment in compulsory education has experienced four models： schooling by walking on two legs; schooling by financing via different tracks; responsible by the local governments esp. the county; proportioned between the central committee and the local governments. And thus the compulsory education investment system came into being, causing the turning from division of powers to centralization of powers, from the local governments to the central committee, from the citizens to the governments, from charging to uncharging, from popularization to improvement. The compulsory education investment system must be in line with the development of the political and economical society in China, must be practical and advancing with the times., must be able to embody the human-oriented concept with the scientific development Only in this way can this system be well implemented.

关 键 词：义务教育 投资体制 演变 启示 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]