长沙地区农村留守儿童行为和情绪问题的特征  

Characteristics of Behavioral and Emotional Problems of Left-Behind Children in Rural Area of Changsha

作　　者：周金艳[1] 罗学荣[1] 韦臻[1] 管冰清[2] 袁秀洪[2] 叶海森[1] 丁军[1] 张跃兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅二医院精神卫生研究所,长沙410011 [2]中南大学湘雅三医院心理科,长沙410000

出　　处：《实用儿科临床杂志》2009年第24期1901-1903,共3页Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics

基　　金：美国中华医学基金项目资助(Small Grants Program #02-777)

摘　　要：目的了解长沙地区农村留守儿童的行为与情绪问题特征。方法对长沙农村地区中小学生按分层随机方法抽取6～16岁儿童1480例,对符合留守儿童标准的607例儿童分为3组:父亲外出打工组、母亲外出打工组和父母亲均外出打工组,并与873例非留守儿童进行对照研究。采用Achenbach儿童行为评定量表、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表进行评定,将4组儿童的各行为、焦虑和抑郁因子进行比较。4组儿童年龄和性别比较无显著性差异。结果父母均外出打工组留守儿童的退缩评分[(2.80±2.69)分]、焦虑/抑郁[(3.07±3.51)分]、思维问题[(0.96±1.52)分]、内向性行为[(7.65±7.17)分]等因子得分高于对照组[(2.17±2.41)分、(2.37±2.97)分、(0.56±1.20)分、(5.93±6.24)分Pa<0.05]和父亲外出打工组的留守儿童[(2.28±2.78)分、(2.44±3.44)分、(0.63±1.57)分、(6.25±7.42)分Pa<0.05];父母亲均外出打工组留守儿童的广泛性焦虑因子[(4.50±3.11)分]、学校恐怖因子[(1.39±1.35)分]、焦虑总分[(20.99±11.24)分]、抑郁总分[(11.36±4.47)分]明显高于对照组儿童[(3.81±3.05)分、(1.12±1.28)分、(18.42±10.91)分、(10.56±4.39)分Pa<0.05],母亲外出打工组留守儿童的广泛性焦虑因子[(4.78±3.37)分]和抑郁总分[(12.07±4.74)分]高于对照组[(3.81±3.05)分、(10.56±4.39)分Pa<0.05]。结论父母亲均外出打工组有较多的儿童内向性行为问题和焦虑抑郁情绪,母亲外出打工组留守儿童存在较多的焦虑和抑郁问题。Objective To explore the characteristics of left-behind children＇s behavioral and emotional problems in rural areas of Changsha.Methods One thousand four hundred and eighty middle and primary school children in rural area of Changsha were randomly included by stratified random sampling procedures.Six hundred and seven out of 1 480 were left-behind children according to the criteria of left-behind children.The left-behind children were divided into 3 groups：father-out group,mother-out group,and parents-both-out group.The other 873 non-left-behind children were selected as the control group.Child behavior checklist,depression self-rating scale for children and screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders were adopted to evaluate behavioral and emotional problems.There were no statistical differences in age and sex among 4 groups.Results The scores of withdrawn（2.80±2.69）,anxiety or depression（3.07±3.51）,thought problems（0.96±1.52）and internalizing behaviors（7.65±7.17）in both-parents-out group were higher than those in the control group（2.17±2.41,2.37±2.97,0.56±1.20,5.93±6.24）and father-out group（2.28±2.78,2.44±3.44,0.63±1.57,6.25±7.42）.The scores of general anxiety factors（4.50±3.11）,school phobia factors（1.39±1.35）,total scores of anxiety（20.99±11.24）and depression（11.36±4.47）in both-parents-out group were significantly higher than those in the control group（3.81±3.05,1.12±1.28,18.42±10.91,10.56±4.39 Pa0.05）.The generalized anxiety factors（4.78±3.37）,total score of depression（12.07±4.74）in mother-out group were higher than those in the control group（3.81±3.05,10.56±4.39 Pa0.05）.Conclusions The parents-both-out children have more internalizing behavioral problems,depression and anxiety;Mother-out left-behind children suffer more depression and anxiety.

关 键 词：农村留守儿童 行为问题 情绪问题 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]