菜籽油碱催化法制备生物柴油的工艺参数  

Process parameters of biodiesel production through alkaline catalyzed transesterification of rapeseed oil

作　　者：黄彩霞[1,2] 刘荣厚[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院生物质能工程研究中心,上海200240 [2]华南热带农业大学环境与植物保护学院,儋州571737

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第12期234-239,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：上海市重大科技攻关项目(08DZ1900405)

摘　　要：以碱催化剂为媒介的转酯化反应制备生物柴油方法因其转化率高而倍受重视。该文以菜籽油为原料,在小型试验装置上,采用均相碱催化法,研究了菜籽油在碱性催化剂NaOH的作用下与甲醇经酯交换反应制备生物柴油的工艺条件。考察了醇油摩尔比(4︰1～8︰1)、催化剂用量(0.5%～2%)、反应温度(30～60℃)和反应时间(30～150min)等工艺参数对酯交换反应的影响,对生物柴油的组成成分进行了气相色谱/质谱联用(GC-MS)分析。结果表明,在醇油摩尔比6︰1,催化剂用量为油质量的1%,反应温度为50～60℃,反应时间为60 min时,酯交换反应转化率最高可达到96.7%。该生物柴油主要由油酸甲酯、芥子酸甲酯、9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯、11-二十碳烯酸甲酯、亚麻酸甲酯等脂肪酸甲酯组成,其中油酸甲酯含量最高,相对质量分数高达50.30%。Biodiesel production by transesterification process employing alkaline catalyst has been paid to a lot of attention due to its high conversion rate.In this work,sodium hydroxide（NaOH）catalyzed transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol was carried out in a bench scale experimental reactor.The effects of molar ratio of methanol to rapeseed oil（4︰1-8︰1）,catalyst concentration（0.5%-2%）,reaction temperature（30-70℃）and reaction time（30-150 min）on the conversion rate of transesterification were investigated.Composition of biodiesel was determined by using GC/MS analysis.Results showed that the suitable parameters for reactions were as follows：temperature 50-60℃, molar ratio of methanol to rapeseed oil 6︰1,NaOH concentration 1%and reaction time 60 min with highest conversion rate of transesterification 96.7%.In addition,it was found that biodiesel was mainly consisted of 9-octadecenoic acid（z）-, methyl esters,13-docosenoic acid（z）-,methyl esters,9,12-octadecadienioc acid,methyl esters,11-eicosenoic acid, methyl esters and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid,methyl esters.Among which,the relative content of 9-octadecenoic acid（z）-,methyl esters was the highest one,reaching 50.30%.

关 键 词：生物柴油 转化率 催化剂 菜籽油 酯交换 气相色谱/质谱 

分 类 号：TS261.4[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]