科尔沁沙地基于生态足迹模型的沙漠化成因分析——以奈曼旗为例  

Study on ecological footprint of the human activity intensity in Horqin sandy——A case of Naiman Banner

作　　者：包慧娟[1,2] 郭佳[1,2] 闫丽[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院 [2]内蒙古自治区遥感与地理信息系统重点实验室,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2010年第2期126-131,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部科技研究重点项目(208026);内蒙古自治区高校科技研究项目(NJ06113)资助

摘　　要：奈曼旗是科尔沁沙地乃至中国北方沙漠化典型地区。在"RS"、"GIS"技术支持下,对奈曼旗1990年和2000年土地利用现状进行监测,在此基础上,应用生态足迹分析方法,分析奈曼旗1990年、2000年人类活动强度及其变化。在研究期,用生态足迹表示的人类活动强度呈增强趋势,1990年和2000年人均生态足迹分别为1.0144hm2/人、1.9735hm2/人,表明人类对生态的占用在扩大;奈曼旗生态承载力1990年、2000年分别为2.1760hm2/人、2.2183hm2/人,10年间变化不大;生态有一定程度盈余,1990年、2000年生态盈余分别为1.1616hm2/人、0.2448hm2/人,减小明显;耕地是承载力最高、利用强度最大和生态盈余量减小最大的土地利用类型,研究期耕地的承载力分别为2.0330hm2/人、2.0842hm2/人,分别占生态承载力的93.43%、93.95%,耕地承载的生态足迹分别为0.6111hm2/人、1.6238hm2/人,占总生态足迹的60.24%、82.28%,耕地的生态盈余由1990年的1.4219hm2/人减小到2000年的0.4604hm2/人,说明耕地是当地主要生产性土地、且承受着越来越大的压力。该区域在今后发展过程中需要控制土地的利用强度,尤其是耕地的利用强度,以保证当地的生态安全。Naiman Banner is a typical desertified area in Horqin sandy in northern China. The land use from 1990 to 2000 in Naiman Banner was moniterd by using RS and GIS base on ecological footprint. Intensity and changes of human activities from 1990 to 2000 in Naiman Banner were analyzed. The results showed： in study period, the human activity intensity enhanced with ecological footprint, ecological footprint changed from 1. 0144hm^2/per capita in 1990 to 1. 9735hm^2/per capita in 2000, that meant the ecological occupation of human was expanding; ecological capacity were respectively 2. 1760hm^2/per capita in 1990 and 2. 2183hm^2/per capita in 2000, it was changed little in past ten years. There was some ecological remainder; ecological remainder were 1. 1616hm^2/per capita in 1990 and 0. 2448hm^2/per capita in 2000, it was reduced clearly. Farmland had the highest capacity, it was the largest intensity and the largest reducing of ecological remainder. Ecological capacity of farmland were respectively 2. 0330hm^2/per capita and 2. 0842hm^2/per capita in study period, and 93.43% and 93.95%of total ecological capacity. Ecological footprint of farmland were 0.6111hm^2/per in 1990 and 1. 6238hm^2/per capita in 2000 ,of 60.24% and 82.28% of and the total ecological footprint. Ecological remainder of farmland reduced from 142.19hm^2/per capita in 1990 to 0. 4604hm^2/per capita in 2000. So farmland was the main productive land and under more pressure. Naiman Banner needed to control land use intensity, in particularly farmland in the future for ensuring the local ecological security.

关 键 词：科尔沁沙地 奈曼旗 生态足迹 人类活动强度 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]