论外来物种引入之生态后果与初衷的背离——以“改土归流”后贵州麻山地区生态退变史为例  

The Unexpected Ecological Consequences of the Exotic Species:A Case Study of the Ecological Deterioration in Mashan Area of Guizhou after the Implementation of the Power-shift Policy

作　　者：杨庭硕[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学人类学与民族学研究所,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第1期35-40,共6页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771199)赞助

摘　　要：清雍正"改土归流"前,贵州麻山地区属于"生界",改土归流过程中才着手在这片新开辟的土地上设置行政机构,对当地的苗族居民实施有效的直接统治。清廷出于确保税源和施惠于民的考虑,先后向这一地区引进多种外来农作物,并由此引发了当地苗族传统生计方式的巨变。这些政策执行之初,都收到了良好的成效,但由于时代和认识的局限,当时并没有意识到这些引进的外来作物与当地特有的自然与生态背景不相兼容,以至于随着这些外来物种种植规模的扩大,对当地自然与生态结构的脆弱环节构成直接冲击,经长期积累后,到了民国后期,终于以大面积"石漠化"生态灾变形式暴露出来。分析这200余年间的历史过程,集中表现为决策的初衷与其导致的生态后果相背离。Mashan area of Guizhou was politically a virgin land before the implementation of the power-shift policy （from minority chieftains to Han officials） in the Yongzheng Period of the Qing dynasty which led to the establishment of the administrative office for ruling the local Miao people. To ensure more taxation for the country and stable income for the people, the Qing government introduced some exotic agricultural crops to this area which led to the dramatic changes of the traditional lifestyle of the local Miao people. At first, this policy produced good results. However, as more such crops were planted, these exotic crops became ecologically incompatible with the local plants. After 200 years, there appeared a large area of desertification which became a serious disaster, a reflection of the contradictions between the goal of the policy and the ecological consequences.

关 键 词：外来物种 改土归流 生态后果 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]