言语次级干扰任务对客体与空间信息保持的影响  

Effects of Verbal Second Interference on Spatial and Object Working Memory

作　　者：罗良[1] 林崇德[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室 [2]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2010年第2期113-120,共8页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：长江学者和创新团队发展计划;国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号:30670717);国家社科基金"十一五"规划重点课题(批准号:ABA08004)

摘　　要：通过3个行为实验,以44名大学生或研究生为被试,考察了言语次级干扰任务是否对不同言语命名难度的客体与空间工作记忆信息的保持产生选择性干扰。研究发现:无论记忆对象是言语命名困难的客体信息,还是言语命名容易的客体信息,无论探测刺激是图形形式,还是词语形式,言语次级干扰任务都对客体信息的保持产生选择性干扰;但言语次级干扰任务对空间信息保持的影响,在不同条件下则表现出不同的特点。实验结果表明客体工作记忆自动、强制性地使用言语编码和保持机制,而空间工作记忆信息的保持是否由言语编码参与则受到其他因素的影响。In three experiments of 44 participants, we intended to examine effects of verbal second interference task on the retention of objects and spatial locations with different verbal demand in working memory. We adopted the method of a delayed match-to-sample task in which subjects are presented with a stimulus （S1） that contains object or spatial information that has to the retained for a delayed comparison with a second stimulus （S2）. When verbal second interference task was inserted into S1 -S2 interval, we want to investigate which kind of working memory performance （object working memory or spatial working memory） demonstrated greater sensitivity to this interference task. The main results are as follows： the verbal encoding mechanism always played an important role in the maintenance of object information in working memory, whether memory stimuli is unfamiliar objects, or nameable objects when test stimuli is graphic form or forms of words ; however, in experiment using nameable spatial locations as memory stimuli, whether the verbal encoding mechanism was selected, depended on the experimental conditions.

关 键 词：客体工作记忆 空间工作记忆 言语编码 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]