氮素形态对豫麦34地上器官游离氨基酸和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Free Amino Acid Content of Organs above Ground and Grain Protein of Yumai 34

作　　者：郭鹏旭[1] 熊淑萍[1] 杜少勇[1] 马新明[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2010年第2期326-329,共4页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30771266);绿色农业公益项目(2007-05)

摘　　要：为给小麦优质生产中合理施用氮肥提供理论依据,以小麦品种豫麦34为材料,采用盆栽方法研究了三种氮素形态对豫麦34地上器官游离氨基酸和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,小麦叶片、茎、鞘和籽粒中游离氨基酸含量均以开花期最高;穗轴和颖壳中游离氨基酸含量以花后10 d最大;各叶位游离氨基酸含量高低表现为旗叶>倒二叶>倒三叶>倒四叶。三种氮素形态处理比较,各器官中(开花期倒三叶、倒四叶、穗轴和颖壳除外)游离氨基酸含量于花后30 d前均以酰胺态氮处理最大,铵态氮和硝态氮处理下互有高低,花后30 d以酰胺态氮处理最低;硝态氮处理下籽粒球蛋白含量最高,铵态氮处理下醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白含量最高,酰胺态氮处理下清蛋白含量、麦谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值、蛋白质含量最高,氮素形态间差异显著。说明施用酰胺态氮肥能够提高籽粒灌浆前、中期地上各器官中游离氨基酸含量,促进灌浆后期游离氨基酸向籽粒中的转运,提高籽粒蛋白质含量,因此,酰胺态氮肥是豫麦34品质栽培中首选的氮源。The study aimed to analyze Effects of nitrogen forms on free amino acid content of organs above ground and grain protein of Yumai 34.The results showed that the free amino acid content of different leaves,stem,sheath and grain reached the maximum at anthesis,and with the highest in ear axis and husks at 10 days after anthesis.The content in different leaves all declined as the order as the flag leaf﹥2 nd leaf﹥3 rd leaf﹥4 th leaf.Among the three kinds of nitrogen forms,NH2——N treatment had the highest content in organs before 30 days after anthesis.NH4＋-N treatment or NO3——N treatment had higher contents in the 3 rd leaf,the 4 th leaf,ear axis and husks at anthesis.Yumai 34 had the highest content of globulin with NO3——N treatment,the highest content of gliadin and glutenin with NH4＋-N treatment,and the highest content of albumin,ratio of glutenins/gliadins and protein content with NH2——N treatment.Applying urea fertilizer could increase the free amino acid content of different organs above the ground in the prior and middle stage of grain filling and that could advance the synthesis of grain protein and increase the content of grain protein in the late stage of grain filling.and urea was the first choice of nitrogen forms in the quality cultivation of Yumai 34.

关 键 词：小麦 豫麦34 氮素形态 地上器官 游离氨基酸含量 蛋白质含量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311