关联性记忆错觉的产生与保持  

THE GENERATION AND RETAINING OF RELATEDNESS EFFECT IN MEMORY ILLUSION

作　　者：张力[1] 朱滢[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都师大教育系,北京100037 [2]北京大学心理系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理学报》1998年第4期374-380,共7页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：两项实验对关联性记忆错觉的产生与保持进行了考察．实验结果表明，关联性记忆错觉接近学过词的回忆水平，但它的产生不随年龄的变化而变化；时间变量对关联性记忆错觉的影响不显著。此外，关联性记忆错觉不同于学过的词，在延迟回忆时没有系列位置效应的产生。Two experiments were conducted to investigate the generation and retaining of relatedness effects in memory illusion. Experiment 1 involved the effects of learned words and critical lure in both the young and old groups, using both recollection and recognition paradigms. In experiment 2, the article discussed the retaining of the learned words and the critical lure during four intervals (immediate,1 hour, 1 day & 5 days). The serial position effects of both learned words and critical lure were analyzed as well. The main results were: The relatedness effect was comparatively robust, approaching to the lower level of the learned words. Although being significantly lower in the common indexes of memory, the old group had similar relatedness effect to the young group in both recollection and recognition paradigms. When time variable was introduced, the memory illusion didn't change significantly. Compared with the learned words, the critical lure had no serial position effect. Such results are very similar to the relationship between explicit and implicit memory. The article indicated that the study of memory illusion may be a better way to analyze the unconscious memory.

关 键 词：记忆错觉 关联效应 系列位置效应 知觉 

分 类 号：B842.2[哲学宗教—基础心理学]