中国冰冻天气的气候特征  

Climate Characteristics of Freezing Weather in China

作　　者：赵珊珊[1] 高歌[1] 张强[1] 王遵娅[1] 殷水清[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2010年第3期34-38,共5页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAC29B02);中国气象局气象灾害风险区划项目;中国气象局行业专项(GYHY200706010;GYHY200706005;GYHY200806004)联合资助

摘　　要：研究冰冻天气的空间分布和变化规律对于冰冻灾害的预测、预估以及防灾减灾具有重要意义。利用1961—2008年603个站点雾凇和雨凇天气现象资料,283个站点的电线覆冰资料,采用计算多年平均值、标准冰厚转换、EOF以及求趋势变化等方法,研究了我国冰冻天气的空间分布和气候变化特征。结果表明:全国大部分地区都有冰冻天气出现;雾凇主要出现在北方地区,雨凇主要出现在南方。年冰冻日数随海拔高度增加而增加,但海拔3100 m高度以上冰冻日数较少。冰冻厚度较大的地区位于东北东南部、华北东部、西北地区东南部、西南地区东部、江南东北部。在全球气候变暖背景下,我国大部分地区冰冻天气发生频次减少,但强度增强。Study on climate characteristics of Chinese freezing weather is important to forecast,pre-assessment and disaster prevention.The 48-year averaged rime days and freezing rain days were computed to reflect the frequency and spatial distribution of freezing weather.The observed wire ice load was transformed into standard ice load to analyze the maximum ice load distribution.The spatial and temporal variations of freezing weather were analyzed by EOF expansion.Trends of Chinese yearly maximum ice load were studied. Results show that freezing weather appeared in most parts of China.Rime mainly appeared in northern China while freezing rain appeared in southern China.Yearly freezing days increase with elevation while less over height of 3100 m.Under the global warming background,the frequency of freezing weather decreased while the strength was stronger in most parts of China.

关 键 词：冰冻 雨凇 雾凇 电线结冰 

分 类 号：P[天文地球]