回避与泛化——基于“HSK动态作文语料库”的“把”字句习得考察  

Avoidance and Overgeneralization —An Investigation of Acquisition of the Bǎ-Sentence Based on the HSK Dynamic Composition Corpus

作　　者：张宝林[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语水平考试中心

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2010年第2期263-278,共16页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：北京语言大学校级科研项目;项目编号为:07YB02;教育部人文社会科学研究项目基金资助;项目批准号:08JA740006

摘　　要：本文是对外国人"把"字句习得情况的一个横向考察,专门探讨参加高等汉语水平考试写作考试的外国考生的"把"字句习得情况。本文以"HSK动态作文语料库"为语料来源,在对语料进行统计分析的基础上,将外国人的"把"字句偏误概括为回避(该用而未用)、泛化(不该用而用)、其他偏误三大类,对回避与泛化的类型与产生原因进行了探讨。本文认为,对参加高等汉语水平考试的二语者来说,"把"字句的回避问题并不十分严重,以往确实把这一问题夸大了;回避并非一种学习策略,而是一种缺失偏误;产生回避问题的根本原因是其他语言与汉语在句子类型上的不对应。本文还对回避与泛化之间的相互关系进行了探讨,并提出了若干教学对策。This paper discusses HSK（advanced） examinee＇ s situation to learn the Ba （把）- sentence. The erroneous Ba-sentences collected from the HSK Dynamic Composition Corpus are divided into three categories： avoidance, overgeneralization and others. The analysis of the reasons why these errors had occur shows that the avoidance errors in Ba-sentences is not so serious as it was believed before, and they had not occur due to the learning strategy of avoidance, but do to the absence of counterpart in the mother tongues of the examinees, and that constitutes the main cause of the errors in using the Ba-sentence. After examining the relationship between avoidance and overgcneralization, the paper has put forward some suggestions on the strategies that can be employed in teaching the Ba-sentence.

关 键 词：“把”字句 习得研究 回避 泛化 教学对策 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]