消极偏差还是积极缺乏:抑郁的积极心理学解释  

Negative Biases or Positivity Lacks? The Explanation of Positive Psychology on Depression

作　　者：周雅[1,2] 刘翔平[1,2] 苏洋[1] 冉俐雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2010年第4期590-597,共8页Advances in Psychological Science

摘　　要：抑郁的认知理论被认为是当代最具影响的抑郁理论之一,其中贝克抑郁理论与无望抑郁理论是两大主要的认知理论。认知理论主张消极认知偏差是导致抑郁的易感因素。然而,"抑郁现实主义"及"积极错觉"等研究却证实抑郁个体并不存在消极认知偏差。以往研究的矛盾实际上反映了当代心理学过分关注消极的病理化倾向。新兴的积极心理学则试图从全新视角解释抑郁,导致抑郁的原因不是个体身上积极因素的缺位,而是积极力量未被充分发挥。Both Beck＇s cognitive theory and the theory of hopeless depression are primary theories in the field of depression.Negative cognitive biases,according to them,are assumed as the vulnerability to depression.However,researches into ＂depressive realism＂,＂positive illusion＂,and related phenomena which reveal depressive individuals tend to be more objective and accurate in cognition than non-depressive ones refute the existence of negative cognitive biases.This discrepancy reflects the dominating influence of the disease model over contemporary psychology.Contrary to the negativity focus of previous theories,positive psychology attempts to construct a ＂positive＂ explanation on depression.

关 键 词：抑郁症 抑郁认知模型 抑郁现实主义 积极心理学 积极心理治疗 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]