门捷列夫的预言及其认识论意义  

Mendeleev’s Predictions and the Epistemological Values Thereof

作　　者：邢如萍[1,2] 成素梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心,太原030006 [2]太原师范学院,太原030012

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2010年第2期50-55,共6页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

摘　　要：门捷列夫根据元素周期律(表),对未知元素的存在和各种性质做出成功的预言,由此成为科学哲学中预言主义主张的依据,成为一个颇有争议的典型科学案例。文章回顾并重审元素周期律的相关史实,揭示出门捷列夫元素周期律(表)的理论特征,指出相对于严格的定律或理论标准,元素周期律(表)有非完整性的特征。通过分析,证明元素周期律(表)仅是一种具有局部合理性的知识组织形式,门捷列夫通过元素周期表做出的新颖性预言,只是理论的一个局部内容的逻辑推演结论,不能作为新颖性预言主张的依据。Mendeleev made bold predictions about the chemical and physical properties of the undiscovered elements,thus lending support to the predictivist account.The paper introduces a recent issue about the relative value of Mendeleev’s use-novel predictions and accommodations in the acceptance of periodic law of element.Predictivist argued that a successful use-novel prediction is stronger and more special evidence than accommodation of known element.But the opponents pointed out that it is hard to find evidence to support the thesis of the special epistemic weight of use-novel predictions.They alleged that use-novel predictions are associated with human psychology rather than with the scientific epistemology.The paper claims that the periodic system of element is not a law or theory but an organized form of knowledge information.So,the author agrees with the second claim by reiterating some historical evidence of Mendeleev periodic law and examining the form of prediction on three undiscovered elements.

关 键 词：门捷列夫 元素周期律 新颖性预言 认识论意义 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]