上海某大学学生饮食习惯与膳食营养状况调查  

Investigation on dietary habit and nutritional condition of students in a university of Shanghai

作　　者：陶宁萍[1] 吴炯华[1] 蔡韬[1] 王慧超[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《中国校医》2010年第5期376-380,共5页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的了解海大学生饮食习惯和营养状况,并针对出现的问题提出改进措施。方法采用24h膳食记录及称重法连续7d调查海大178名大学生的膳食消费结构。结果学生健康状况良好,总体体质量正常,控制饮食人数所占比例不多,有夜宵习惯的人数不多。男生能量摄入占参考摄入量(DRIs)的119.13%,超过DRIs的要求;女生能量摄入量为DRIs的87.83%,基本满足需要。蛋白质摄入量男生平均为89.2g,达DRIs的118.91%;女生平均63.4g,达DRIs的97.48%。但是,维生素A、C及多种矿物质摄入量明显偏低,说明膳食结构并不合理,存在偏食现象,膳食营养素摄入不均衡。三餐供能分配不合理,应加强早餐花色品种的供应。三餐定时的人数有待提高,偶尔和经常不吃早餐的人数应当减少。水果、蔬菜、奶类等严重缺乏,导致许多重要的维生素和矿物质摄入量偏低。结论必须加强膳食指导,调整膳食结构,以提高矿物质和维生素等摄入量。Objective To understand the dietary habit and nutritional condition of university students in Shanghai, so as to suggest the measures for solving the problems. Methods A total of 178 students were investigated on their dietary composition by using 24-hour dietary records and food weighing in Shanghai Ocean University for 7 days. Results The students normally had a good health. The proportion of controlling the dietary amount was not high, and the number of eating snack in the evening was not large. The proportion of daily energy intake to dietary reference intakes （DRIs） for male was 119.13%, exceeding the requirement of DRIs. Nevertheless, the proportion for female was 87.83%, almost meeting the requirement. The average protein intakes for male and female were 89.2 g and 63.4 g, accounting for 118.91% and 97.48% of DRIs, respectively. However, the intakes of vitamin A and C as well as many kinds of minerals were obviously lower than those of DRIs, indicating the dietary composition was not reasonable, and the intakes were not balanced among all kinds of nutrients. The proportion of energy provided by three meals was also unreasonable. More kinds of breakfast should be provided. The number of students who had constant time for three meals was expecting to be promoted. The number of students who usually or occasionally did not have breakfast should be decreased. The dietary composition was significantly lack of fruits, vegetables and milk, resulting in the quite lower intakes of many essential vitamins and minerals. Conclusions We should enhance the health education including dietary guidelines for university students in order to adjust their dietary composition of increasing the intakes of minerals and vitamins.

关 键 词：饮食习惯 营养调查 学生保健服务 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]