不同施氮量和施氮方式下田间氨挥发损失及其影响因素  

Ammonia Volatilization Loss and Its Affecting Factors under Different Amounts and Ways of N Application in Field

作　　者：杨淑莉[1,2] 朱安宁[3] 张佳宝[3] 陈效民[1] 朱强根[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,封丘农田生态系统国家试验站,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所封丘农田生态系统国家试验站土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2010年第3期415-421,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-JS408);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-406);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)课题(2006AA10A301)资助

摘　　要：为明确干旱、半干旱区农田氨挥发损失规律及其影响因素，采用通气法研究黄淮海平原地区河南封丘国家农业生态实验站冬小麦季不同施氮量与不同施氮方式下基、追肥施用后的土壤氨挥发损失情况，同时测定了表层土壤（0～5cm）的NH4^＋-N浓度、pH值和温度等氨挥发影响因素的动态变化。结果表明：肥料氮素的氨挥发损失主要发生在施肥后的1周内。不同施氮方式下土壤氨挥发速率、氨挥发累积量及其占施氮量的比率均随施氮量的增大而增大。氮肥在土壤中的深度对氨挥发有显著影响，基肥时期除150kg／hm^2施N量外，氨挥发累积量沟施法明显大于传统施氮法；追肥期不同施氮量均为传统施氮法大于沟施法。传统施氮法在整个冬小麦季节氨挥发损失累积量占施N量的4．78％-6．72％，沟施法为4．31％-11．24％。相关分析显示，施肥后表层土壤NH4^＋-N浓度与氨挥发速率呈正相关关系，而pH值则与其呈负相关关系。另外，气温、降雨气候条件对氨挥发速率也有一定程度的影响。This paper aims to study the ammonia volatilization loss, its affecting factors and NH3 volatilization from topsoil in winter wheat field at Fengqiu State Experimental Station for Agroecosystem in Henan Province in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain under different amounts （ F1 ： 150 kg/hm^2 ; F2 ： 225 kg/hm^2 ; F3 ： 300 kg/hm^2 ） and ways of applying base and dressing nitrogen fertilizer. The factors affecting ammonia volatilization, such as the dynamic change of NH4^＋-N concentration, temperature and pH value in topsoil （ 0 - 5 cm）, are analyzed. The result shows that ammonia volatilization from topsoil occurs mainly within hebdomad after fertilization. Ammonia volatilization rate, total ammonia （N） loss and its proportion in total amount of applied N fertilizer are all increased with the increase of applied fertilizer amount under different application ways. Ammonia volatilization is considerably influ- enced by the depth of applied fertilizer in soil, and the accumulated amount of ammonia volatilization under furrow fertilization of base fertilizer is obviously higher than that under the traditional fertilization except the situation under N fertilizer application amount of 150 kg/hm^2 ; while the situation is opposite for topdressing. Deep application of N fertilizer is currently one of the most effective ways for reducing ammonia volatilization loss. The proportions of ammonia volatilization loss from winter wheat field vary in ranges of 4.78% -6.72% and 4.31% - 11.24% of the total applied amount of N fertilizer under the traditional fertilization and furrow fertilization respectively. Moreover, the ammonia volatilization loss is less than 10% under both the traditional fertilization and furrow fertilization of 150 kg N/hm^2, and the ammonia volatilization loss is in an order ofF3B（D） 〉 F2B（D） 〉 F3A（C） 〉 CK 〉 FIA （C） 〉 F1B（D）. Correlation analysis reveals that there is a positive correlation between the ammonia volatilization rate and the NH4^＋-N concentration in to

关 键 词：土壤表层 氨挥发 施氮量 施氮方式 气候条件 黄淮海平原 

分 类 号：S513.04[农业科学—作物学]