5种微生物发酵剂对玉米秸秆的发酵效果  

Effects of Five Microbial Agents on Fermentation of Corn Straw in Composting

作　　者：于艳辉[1] 程智慧[1] 谢芝春[1] 张庆春[1] 薛书浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2010年第2期95-99,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD57B03;2006BAD07B02)

摘　　要：为了筛选出适合玉米秸秆单一发酵的微生物菌剂,以不加菌剂为对照,研究了添加5种微生物菌剂对粉碎的玉米秸秆的发酵腐熟效果和发酵过程中堆料温度、体积、营养的动态变化。结果表明,添加外源微生物菌剂能有效加快发酵过程并显著影响营养元素的动态变化,添加"金宝贝"和"满园春"菌剂促进发酵的效果较好。5种处理中"金宝贝"和"满园春"升温速度最快,50℃高温持续时间可长达5 d之久,且体积下降百分比多,营养释放量高;有机物速腐剂和青岛龙力发酵剂的发酵效果一般;HM发酵基的效果较差。与对照相比,各处理发酵至30天时异味消失,体积下降明显,且表层出现大量菌丝,基本腐熟。5种处理全氮与碱解氮含量变化正好相反:全氮含量先下降后上升而速效氮含量先增加后减少;全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾含量均呈上升趋势。对照升温缓慢,营养元素含量变化不明显。In this experiment,the dynamic changes of temperature,volume and nutrition of smashed corn straw with 5 microbial added during composting process were studied in order to select a microbial agent which suited to the single fermentation of corn straw.The results showed that the microbial agent inoculation could promote the composting process significantly,and the fermentation effect of ＂Jinbaobei＂ and ＂Manyuanchun＂ appeared better.The temperature for the treatments of ＂Jinbaobei＂ agent and ＂Manyuanchun＂ agent added increased quicker than that for the other treatments and CK.The duration of 50℃ high temperature lasted for over five days,the volume of fermenting corn straw decreases larger,and the nutrition release appeared most;Oganic quick rotten agent and Qingdao longli are the second;HM fementation base is the third.Compared to CK,when fermenting for 30 days all the treatments lost the peculiar smell,appeared an obvious decreasing in volume,and grew large amount of mycelium which symbolized the corn straw had been fermented on the whole.Changes of the total N content appeared in an adverse trend to that of the available N in all five treatments,with the former decreased first and then increased whereas the later increased first and then decreased during fermentation.Total P,available P,total K and available K all showed increasing trends during the fermentation process.Whereas the the temperature and nutrient dynamic change for CK were flat.

关 键 词：微生物发酵剂 玉米秸秆 发酵 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]