北京地区一次重污染天气气溶胶分布与传输特征研究  

Characteristics of Aerosol Distribution and Transmission of a Heavy Air Pollution Process in Beijing Area

作　　者：刘伟东[1] 江玉华[2] 李炬[1] 王正兴[3] 王强[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局北京城市气象研究所,北京100089 [2]重庆市气象局,重庆401147 [3]中国气象局培训中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2010年第2期152-160,共9页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金40275006;北京市优秀人才项目20061D0200800060

摘　　要：针对北京地区2004年10月26～31日的一次典型重污染天气个例,分析了此次污染过程产生的天气背景和污染物对近地层接收太阳总辐射的削减作用,同时应用MODIS卫星遥感气溶胶产品和地面风场的分布分析了大气污染物的分布和输送特征。结果表明,此次污染过程与大尺度的天气背景有密切关系,地面气压减小和偏南气流导致了此次污染过程;通过比较中国科学院大气物理研究所325m铁塔观测到的2m和280m高度处太阳总辐射可知,在空气质量较好天气,地面以上2～280m大气能够减少太阳总辐射的15%;而在重污染天气时,地面以上2～280m大气能够使太阳总辐射减少20%以上,低层大气显著地影响城市区域下垫面和大气之间的辐射交换;分析MODIS气溶胶分布和地面风场可知,此次污染过程可能是局地污染物积累和外界污染输送造成的。Based on the analysis of weather background, inhalable particulate matter （PM2.5）, visibility,and solar total radiation at two gradient heights measured on the 325-m tower, combined with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration （NASA） issued 10 km spatial resolution MODIS satellite aerosol product, a heavy air pollution process is studied. The results show： 1） The air pollution case in the period from 26 to 31 Oct 2004 in Beijing region is closely related to the large-scale weather background, and the reduced surface pressure and southern air stream induce this pollution case. 2） Comparison of solar total radiation at two heights（2 m and 280 m） measured on the 325-m tower shows that the atmosphere from surface to 280 m can decrease the solar radiation in a proportion of less than 15% in good air quality days. While in the heavy air pollution days the decrease of solar radiation can reach more than 20%. The lower layer atmosphere significantly affects the atmospheric radiation exchange process between surface and atmospheres in the urban areas. 3） Based of the analysis of MODIS aerosol distribution and surface wind field, it canbe found that this pollution case is a part of a regional pollution incident and results from cumulative pollutant emissions in a local area and the southwest regional transportation.

关 键 词：重污染天气 气溶胶 太阳总辐射 MODIS 北京 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]