美国高校学术职业分层的历史变迁与制度安排  

Stratification of the Academic Professions in America:Historical Transformation and Institutional Arrangement

作　　者：李志峰[1] 易静[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学高等教育研究所,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2010年第3期92-100,共9页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：国家社科基金(教育学)课题:高校学术职业分层与教师岗位设置制度创新研究(BFA090051)

摘　　要：美国高校学术职业分层的基础是高深知识,只有在一个社会组织体系中,分层才有可能。分层意味着不同层级的职位的社会角色、功能和地位的定位。在一个社会组织体系中,不同层级职位形成了学术职业阶梯。美国学术职业分层是一个不断制度化的过程,分层作为分工的一种类型在促进职业分裂的同时也促进了职业的团结,形成了学术职业的自我保护机制。美国学术职业的分层既有其共同的学术标准,也因学校层次类别的不同而有所不同,与高等教育管理体制、大学组织目标、政策制度和个人专业发展需要密切相关。The base of academic profession stratification in American colleges is the advanced knowledge. Stratification can only occur among things which lay in the same social organizational system. Stratification means the orientation of positions with different levels. In one social organizational system,positions with different levels have shaped the ladder of academic profession. The stratification of American academic profession is always in the process of standardization. As a type of dividing the work forces,the stratification has promoted both the abruption and the solidification of those professions,and has formed the self-protection system of academic profession. The academic profession stratification in American shares the similar academic standards,but differs among different colleges. Moreover,it is closely related with the managing system of the higher education,college organization,policies,and personal developing requirements.

关 键 词：美国 高等学校 学术职业 职业分层 制度安排 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]