孔子谥号演变考  

On Posthumous of Confucius

作　　者：董喜宁[1] 陈戍国[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（社会科学版）》2010年第3期5-10,共6页Journal of Hunan University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：哀公作诔,称孔子为尼父。尼父是否为谥,历来歧见纷纭。自平帝时追赠褒成宣尼公后,孔子之谥,递有演变。北魏时称文圣尼父,唐时尊为宣父、文宣王,宋时则为玄圣文宣王、至圣文宣王,元武宗时至圣前又加大成,明嘉靖后止称至圣先师。其封爵代有不同,或称公,或称王,宋真宗时欲追加帝号未遂,其后儒生议此者甚多,至嘉靖定祀典,夺王爵而称先师。其谥号演变既受议谥规律所限,又与儒学发展及帝王崇抑纠葛在一起。Ni Fu,the tiltle of Confucius appeared in Lu Aikong’s Eulogy speech.Whether it is a Posthumous,differences have always maintained.Since Confucius was given the posthumous title of Bao Cheng Xuan Ni Gong from Han Ping Di,in the following time he was continuously canonized as Wen Sheng Ni Fu,Xuan Fu,Wen Xuan Wang,Xuan Sheng Wen Xuan Wang,Zhi Sheng Wen Xuan Wang,Da Cheng Zhi Sheng Wen Xuan Wang,Zhi Sheng Xian Shi,etc.On one occasion,Song Zhen Zong want to add Imperial tiltle to Confucius,but not put into practice.After that,discussion of this issue always arise.Through the reform of Ming Shi Zong on Sacrificial ceremony,Wang was taken away from Confucius’s peerage,only remains Zhi Sheng Xian Shi.The topic of Confucius’s Posthumous both limited by the regular pattern system,again entangled with the development of Confucianism and the personality of the emperor.

关 键 词：孔子 谥号 尼父 文宣 更定祀典 

分 类 号：B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]