工作记忆与句法歧义消解关系的脑功能研究述评  

A Review of Bain Function Studies on the Relationship between Working Memory and Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution

作　　者：王沛[1] 蔡李平[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234 [2]宁波诺丁汉大学学生工作处,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第3期57-64,共8页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：上海市第三期重点学科项目"发展与教育心理学"(S0403);上海高校选拔培养优秀青年教师专项基金(SSD08017)

摘　　要：工作记忆在句法歧义消解中起着重要作用,句法歧义消解的理论争议涉及工作记忆在句子理解中的作用。研究句法消解问题时工作记忆的测量有两种方法:阅读广度任务法和"扇形程序"。句法消解问题的脑功能研究发现,工作记忆能力的差异会影响对句子的加工:工作记忆能力强的人采用序列加工策略,而工作记忆能力差的人采用并行加工策略。歧义区间、加工策略、年龄等因素是工作记忆在句法歧义消解中的主要影响因素。在解决句法歧义消解问题的过程中,工作记忆的大脑激活主要涉及颞叶左后外侧、额叶左后回内侧和两侧视觉皮质等区域。在今后的研究中,首先应注意解决"在线"和"离线"不同实验范式造成的问题;同时应当更多地开展跨语言方面的研究,特别是应着重探讨中国人加工英语歧义句以及汉语句法表征和英语句法表征之间的关系问题。Working memory, which plays a very important role in the process of syntactic ambiguity resolution, is the major argument of the syntactic ambiguity resolution theory. There are two major methods for measuring the working memory system： reading span test and ＂fan procedure＂. Corresponding brain function studies have found that most of the experiments carried out have revealed a relationship between the capacity of an individual＇ s working memory and his sentence processing. Concretely speaking, individuals with a fast reading span adopt the serial processing strategy, while those with a slow reading span employ the parallel processing strategy. Many factors, so far, have been identified to be associated with the working memory mechanism in the process of syntactic ambiguity resolution. Among them are ambiguity distance, processing strategies, and age factor. The brain cortex of working memory mainly involves left posterlateral temporal, ventral portions of left inferior frontal cortex and bilat- eral occipital cortex. The first major concern in the future research is to identify the differences and problems brought about by the two ＂on- line＂and＂off- line＂ experiment paradigms. Meanwhile, more attention should be paid to the cross- linguistic studies of this area, especially to the mechanism of Chinese readers processing syntacticcally ambiguous English sentences, as well as to the relationship between Chinese syntactic representation and English syntactic representation.

关 键 词：工作记忆 句法歧义消解 ERPS 歧义区间 加工策略 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]