基于滑模观测器的非线性系统故障检测与重构  

Fault Detection and Reconstruction for a Nonlinear System Based on Sliding Mode Observers

作　　者：孟建基[1] 张巍巍[2] 

机构地区：[1]中冶集团建筑研究总院,北京100088 [2]北京科技大学高效轧制国家工程研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《科技导报》2010年第11期24-28,共5页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2009AA04Z163)

摘　　要：为提高控制系统的安全性和可靠性,针对非线性系统传感器的故障诊断问题,提出一种利用滑模观测器进行故障检测和重构的方法。首先引入积分变量将传感器故障转化为执行器故障,通过对执行器故障的诊断间接诊断传感器故障。针对转化后的系统构造滑模观测器,进而实现传感器故障重构。采用Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明设计的滑模观测器的稳定性。对于构造的滑模观测器,给出一种用线性矩阵不等式方法求解的简便算法。最后,对于文献中给出的非线性系统,就不同的故障类型作用在传感器上的几种情形进行仿真。仿真结果表明,所设计的滑模观测器能够准确地重构非线性系统中传感器的缓变故障和突变故障;当系统存在未知扰动时,所设计的滑模观测器也能准确地重构故障。该方法从开始就对故障进行重构,避免了产生和评价残差信号的复杂性。With the expansion of control systems in scale,the possibility of fault is getting high.The security and reliability of a control system becomes a key issue.So far,the fault diagnosis for linear systems sees many successes,but that for a nonlinear system remains a difficult problem.The traditional fault diagnosis method based on state observer can not effectively used for nonlinear systems;and its robustness of the diagnosis and localization can not be well ensured when a system has uncertainties and disturbances.In this paper,for the sensor fault diagnosis and for nonlinear systems,a method for fault detection and reconstruction based on sliding mode observers is proposed.The sensors fault is first augmented into actuator faults by introducing integral variants.Then a sliding mode observer is constructed for the augmented system.The stability of the sliding observers is proven by using the Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,the observers are designed by solving the Linear Matrix Inequalities （LMI） and the sensor faults can be reconstructed directly.Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness and accuracy of the reconstruction of the sensor faults using the proposed approach.

关 键 词：故障检测 非线性系统 滑模 观测器 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]