有定摹状词属性用法及其相关的语言学问题  

The Attributive Use of Definite Descriptions and Related Linguistic Issues

作　　者：张家骅[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学俄语语言文学研究中心

出　　处：《外语学刊》2010年第3期15-21,共7页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科重大项目"西方语言哲学与俄罗斯当代语言学"(05JJD740181)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：有定摹状词的属性用法是无指用法,与指称用法(有指用法)构成对立关系。属性用法/指称用法的对立与涉名解读/涉实解读、命题态度主体/言语主体对立有密切的关系。俄罗斯当代语言学在两个方面丰富和发展了源于西方语言哲学的有定摹状词属性用法理论:(1)为了正确解读命题态度谓词从句语义,须明确的不仅是名词短语的指称主体是命题态度主体还是言语主体,而且还有指称主体/称名主体、命题态度主体/言语主体的多种错综组合关系;(2)即使在交际双方对所指客体已知的语境中,有定摹状词仍可保留属性用法的一些特点。属性用法的关键是名项与谓词之间语义上的协调关系。The attributive use of definite descriptions is non-referential,which is opposite to the referential use. The opposition between the attributive use and the referential use is closely related to the opposition of the de re interpretation and the de dicto interpretation,as well as the opposition of the agent of the propositional attitude and the agent of speech. In Contemporary Russian Linguistics,the following two improvements have been made on the theory of the attributive use of definite descriptions which originated in the Western linguistic philosophy. First,in order to correctly understand the semantic meaning of the dependent clause of the propositional attitude predicate,we need not only to find out if the referential agent of the noun phrase is the agent of the propositional attitude or the agent of speech,but also to identify the complex interrelationships between the referential agent （the agent of naming） and the agent of the propositional attitude （the agent of speech）. Second,even if both sides of a given communication are aware of the referential object,the definite description can still retain some of the features of the attributive use. The key feature of the attributive use is the semantic concord between the term and the predicate.

关 键 词：摹状词 指称 属性用法 指称用法 涉名解读 涉实解读 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]