对几种典型企业组织的规模差异评析  

An Analysis on the Scale Difference of Several Typical Enterprise Organizations

作　　者：朱富强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院

出　　处：《产经评论》2010年第3期50-59,共10页Industrial Economic Review

摘　　要：基于从本质到现象的分析路线,我们可以更清楚地认识企业规模:社会合理规模与企业的有效性相对应,取决于企业的组织成本和协调收益;而企业的现实规模则与特定个体的效率相对应,效率不仅取决于协调收益也与转移收益有关。一般地,企业的决策权为不同人所掌握,就会产生不同的收益转移效应,从而产生了多姿多彩的企业形态:(1)不同社会文化伦理中的收益转移效应差异会影响企业规模。一般地,社会信任度越高,企业规模就越合理;而信任度不高的那些社会中,企业规模往往走向两个极端。(2)不同的分配制度中的收益转移效应差异也会影响企业规模。利润分享制企业的剩余索取权往往为所有员工所分享,从而其规模往往小于泰勒制企业。(3)在工人自治型企业中,由于工人主导了剩余索取权的分配,从而使得企业的规模相对较小。(4)中央计划体制下国有企业是极端化的经理管理型企业,经理们所追求的社会收益与企业规模联系在一起,因而这类企业的规模较大。We can understand the scale of firm more clearly based on the research line from essence to the phenomenon. On one hand, the social reasonable scale is related to the validity of organization, which is depended on the organization cost and coordination value. On the other hand, the realistic scale is related to special efficiency, which is also depended on the transferred income. Generally, the effect of transferring-income is different when the decision-maker is different, which brings about versatile scale of firm. （1）The difference of the effects of transferring-income in different social culture and ethics will influence the scale of firm. Generally, the scale of firm is more reasonable when the social trust degree is higher, while the scale of firm usually heads for two extremities when the social trust degree is low. （2） The difference of the effect of transferring-income in different allotment system will influence the scale of firm. Generally, the scale of firm with profit sharing system is smaller than that with Taylor system. （3）The scale of firm with worker autonomy system is small ordinarily, because the worker predominates the allotment of surplus. （4） The scale of state-owned firm with central plan system is large ordinarily, because the social income that the manager pursues is related to the scale of firm.

关 键 词：企业规模 转移效应 分享制 工人自治 国有企业 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]